Normative Theories Of Addiction: A Comparative Analysis

It’s clear that people with addictions have seriousissues. In most cases, they have emotional or trauma issues that cause them to medicate their minds and bodies with harmful substances. By eliminating the ability to feel, they deal with their problems the best way they know how. By the time they want treatment and recovery from their addiction, their illness progresses to the point they might need psychological treatment, even anger management counseling. Of all the issues you are dealing with, your anger issues, if any exist, deserve immediate attention.

This question is addressed in the third section of the article. For that reason, the author writes with a rhetoric of pathos to encourage the reader to persevere and also purchase Naloxone, a drug which can alter the effects of opioids in case of emergency. Since addiction is an emotional subject, this section of the article contains much pathos rhetoric

The external factors associated with benzodiazepine addiction are how long the treatment is, lack of psychoeducation given to the patient about the possibility of addiction, and careless usage (Konopka et al., 2013). Additionally, Konopka et al. discuss that critical life events, such as childhood maltreatment, increase one’s chances of benzodiazepine addiction (2013). This demonstrates that the role of social problems and critical life events, as well as lack of information, leads to the addictiveness of benzodiazepines. In juxtaposition, the internal factors that may predispose an individual to benzodiazepine addiction involves psychological determinants, such as depressive and anxiety disorders, personality traits, such as neuroticism and borderline personality disorders, and “negative mood combined with a feeling of personal unworthiness” and inadequacy (Konopka et al., 2013, p. 230).

The experiment found that ethanol increases the membrane permeability if B. Vulgaris cells. This can be extrapolated to conclude that ethanol will increase the membrane permeability of most cell walls. These results are concordant with most other studies into the topic of the effects of alcohol on membrane permeability. The results could possibly be used to investigate specific cases in laboratory and industry settings. For example,

With the present understanding of the underlying mechanism use of auditory stimulation can be used for reprogramming brain connectivity. Studies indicate the effective reprogramming in psychiatric disorders such as autism and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and ALS, where

The effectiveness of a drug crisis intervention is not the same in all cases as there are some people whose addiction has gone overboard and are completely dependent on the substances they use. In such cases, more extreme measures might be necessary to help the individual overcome his addiction. When doing a drug addict intervention, one must make sure that the interventions are non-judgmental, non-confrontational and supportive as some addicts do

The inevitable fact that addiction is a harmful disease and the recovery process is lifelong that consists of various stages of relapse raises a serious question. What is the duty of an addict in the jurisdiction towards the society? In the light of the legal standard, patient who is competent and incompetent is evaluated through the relevant questions of his or her desires at the present time, a living will, and the legal capability of forming a will. Furthermore, drug-addicts may be currently not competent but were formerly competent, and to explore the variable of declaration of the desires with regard to extraordinary means of treatment, is necessary (Harris, 2008, p. 244).

However, the first step is admitting that you have a problem with gambling. The Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine “points to research stating that individuals with a gambling problem may have lower than average levels of norepinephrine, a chemical that generates feelings of energy.” According to the America Addiction Centers “the high of a gambling win may help to create sensations of elation or power that their natural chemistry does not provide.” Nevertheless, treatment is designed in a different way, what works for one person may not work for the next. Gambling addiction cannot be cured, but counseling or therapy for problem gamblers helps you change your unnatural gambling behaviors and views, teaches you how to overcome the urge to gamble, and to also deal with uncomfortable emotions rather than escape through gambling, and solve financial, work, and relationship problems caused by the addiction.

What is addiction? There are many aspects of addiction and can be defined in diverse ways. Overall, addiction is considered a condition resulting from the use of substances such as cocaine, alcohol, heroine, and nicotine. Addiction is not limited to use of substances, it can include addictive behaviors such as shopping, eating, internet use, and gambling. The addictive behaviors can create the euphoric or feelings of pleasure like that of substances (Psychology Today, 2002-2013).

People commonly fall into drug addiction for many different reasons. Drug addiction develops when a person is emotionally or physically unstable. To be more specific, people use drugs and alcohol just to ease their suffering from anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, stress or other mental illnesses. During these metal illnesses, they feel scared to go to someone and seek some help, instead they try to solve their own problem by taking drugs, the use of drug helps them to temporarily feel normal again from all those burdens on their shoulders. For them drug use is thought to be something that can help them escape worlds harsh realities.

The dimensions allows a practitioner to comprehend where an individual is one a particular dimension. However, where an individual lands on a spectrum may vary depending on dimension. In this expressed difficulty, the practitioners explores the commonality of using different treatment strategies depending on the severity level of addiction. To understand addiction, is to understand the causes or etiology of a particular condition.

The disease model of addiction takes power away from an individual who is struggling with a substance use disorder. Instead of the individual taking responsibility for their own actions and their own recovery they can place blame or responsibility on the disease. I have heard many people say that they “can’t help that they have a problem” and “once an addict always an addict” and honestly those words are sickening to me. I believe that people are responsible for their own actions and reactions. Therefore, to a certain extent, individuals have control over themselves.

A vital "knowledge gap" is addressed in this experiment, that is to study the effect of stimulants and depressants, such as ethanol, melatonin, epinephrine, and dopamine on HR, individually and in a mixture. Said depressant and stimulant chemicals were administered to daphnia individually and afterwards, in combinations. The motivation for research in this area was to explore whether two select depressants or stimulants when administered together have a synergistic, antagonistic or no effect on HR. Data was determined in the form of Beats Per Minute (BPM). The data was analyzed by plotting the calculated BPM for each test solution from each daphnia.

All of these symptoms can be quite pronounced, causing the patient to revert back to their original drug use. Withdrawal is characterized by excessive sleeping, eating and depression-like symptoms, often accompanied by anxiety and drug-craving. As with any drug addiction, the body has adapted to the presence of the opiate and opiate withdrawal symptoms will occur if opiate use is abruptly discontinued. If you are opiate dependent or suffer from opiate addiction, it is not recommended you just stop taking opiates without consulting an addiction professional and entering an opiate detox program.

meds2.JPG Dangerous Mix When a doctor prescribes medications to treat disease, he or she knows the patient 's weight, warns of side effects, and prescribes a specific dose and form of the drug. When an abuser buys the medication on the street, he or she knows none of this, and problems—sometimes lethal—can occur. Emergency room doctors see many patients who have taken the wrong dose of a prescription drug or mixed over-the-counter (OTC) medications or prescription drugs with alcohol or other drugs. Alcohol is especially dangerous when mixed with drugs. Alcohol slows the heart and respiratory system, and changes the way messages travel in the brain.