Norms: Why The Brain Follows The Rules

Deviance can be broadly defined as the transgressions of social norms. It is a concept in sociology that has drawn many different analytical perspectives. This includes perspectives such as the reactivist, normative, statistical and absolutist. In his work, Liazos attempts to define the current state of the field of study by analyzing works of different authors in the field.

In order to be accepted in the current social society, you must follow a certain set of norms throughout life. Social norms are the unwritten rules on behavior that are expected and established opinions on what is appropriate and what is not. People who do not follow these instilled norms may be casted aside, judged, or suffer a consequence. Society’s expectations have dictated what normal human behavior is that people conform to as a way of life. These norms, however, are not set in stone, so they may be challenged. This act of defying social norms can be seen in the poem “Bedecked” by Victoria Redel, as she depicts her son breaking stereotypical gender norms in various ways. Similarly, in the poem “In Praise of My Young Husband” by Cathleen

In this milestone we will be looking at a few key items of employee and labor relations. Some items that this paper will cover are things such as employee discipline, performance management and employee and labor relations. First, we will start by looking at employee discipline.

Deviant behavior is the behavior that is different from the most powerful norms of the society or can also be defined as odd or unacceptable behavior. In sociological way deviance is simply any violation of societal norms. There are many reasons why a person has deviant behavior which includes biological , psychological and sociological explanations. the most popular sociological theories are Structural Strain Theory which was developed by Robert K merton as an addition of the functional point of view on deviance.The theory discovers the origin of deviance that these are caused by the difference cultural and the ways people use to achieve their goals

The theory behind behavior modification ethics has a reputation for its accomplishments and disappointments. In addition to this, there are many dangers in using physical punishment as behavior modification with the two primary modifiers of behavior being Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning. The outcome of using negative reinforcement has its share of benefits and downfalls in human behavior whereas; positive reinforcement seems to win over. Then there is the theory of Operant Conditioning of B.F. Skinner and what the public’s view on this theory is and how well it works.

What is deviance? Deviance is a behavior, trait, or belief that departs from a norm and generates a negative reaction in a particular group (Ferris and Stein 151). It is considered a social construct. Many groups or cultures have different views on what is considered deviant.

Throughout our daily lives, we have many expectations. We are expected to act and behave in a certain manner as we carry out our day to day lives. These expectations will vary depending on the setting or occasion. The expectations may also vary culture to culture. Because of these expectations, social norms have been developed. Social Norms are unwritten rules about how to behave. They provide us with an expected idea of how to behave in a particular social group or culture. Behavior which fulfills these norms is called conformity, and most of the time roles and norms are powerful ways of understanding and predicting what people will do. (McLeod) We typically use these norms to predict what people will do in a certain situation. These norms

Deviance has many functions in society. Although deviance violates social norms, without it, we would not have rules, so it helps form, guide, and shape society’s norms and goals. Social norms are different from culture to culture. Norms that may be acceptable in one culture may be frowned upon in another. Emile Durkheim quotes that “deviance and deviant behavior is an integral part of all healthy societies (Adler, 2014, p74).” The Mafia and organized crime would be an example of deviance in society. Differential Association Theory and Social Structure sheds light on how individuals learn to become criminals, the conditions in social structures that lead to deviant behavior, and how both are similar.

Deviance is behaviour which moves away from controversial norms and values such as burping, pass wind in public and queuing. It Can be positive e.g. extreme intelligence. Although in some situation in nature – time dependent of factors, place, who is involved. It is normally in Informal situations.

McLeod (2008) explains, norms provide order in society as we do not expect people to behave randomly. Socially acceptable behavior guides us in the social roles we play daily.

A punishment is the consequence of any sort of offence. There are different types of punishments that vary depending on the action taken. No matter the age or how serious the offence is. The feeling is the same, hopelessness and desperation. A child is most likely to get grounded as a punishment; while an adult may be sentenced to jail time. Although being in jail and being grounded seem to be extremely different they are not they both follow the same procedures which are isolation, limited communication, and lack of privacy. Both sharing the same goal.

The social setting that I selected to understand social norms was a grocery store. The social norms that I observed in this setting were standing in line to check out, buying the products with a form of money, and not running down through the aisles. Another social norm within the grocery store that I was able to observe were that people were typically placing items inside of a cart instead of carrying all of them. Along with this, I was able to observe that people were not going around to other people and exchanging their items that had in their cart with other

Although the term deviance usually carried a negative characteristic in first impression trough out history, afterward the term positive deviance was also introduced and analyzed. To begin with according to (“positive deviance.org”2015), “Positive Deviance is established on the inspection that in every community there are certain individuals or groups whose uncommon behaviors and strategies enable them to find better solutions to problems than their colleagues, while having access to the same resources and facing similar or even worse challenges”. “Positive deviance somehow exceeds social expectations. Moreover positive deviance can also be defined as individual or acts of individuals in a society that are superior because they super pass

Operant learning theory is about the ways environmental contingencies influence the likely hood of a behavior. It has four different kinds of influences. First is positive rewards; defined as adding something desirable to increase the likelihood of a behavior. Second is negative rewards; defined as to subtract something undesirable to increase the likely hood of a behavior. Third is positive punishment; defined as to add something undesirable to decrease the likelihood of a behavior. Finally, negative punishment; defined as subtracting something desirable to decrease the likely hood of the behavior. During the course of my childhood all four types were used in my raising.

Social norms serve as one of the foundations of social order that will ensure people behave in ways that the society deems appropriate. Generally, regardless of whether it