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Nt1330 Unit 2 Case Analysis Paper

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Quiz#2 . With respect to the RPC mechanism, consider the “exactly once” semantic. Does the algorithm for implementing this semantic execute correctly even if the ACK message back to the client is lost due to a network problem? Describe the sequence of messages and discuss whether “exactly once” is still preserved. Answer: The “exactly once” semantics ensure that a remote procedure will be executed exactly once and only once. The general algorithm for ensuring this combines an acknowledgment (ACK) scheme combined with timestamps (or some other incremental counter that allows the server to distinguish between duplicate messages). The general strategy is for the client to send the RPC to the server along with a timestamp. The client will also start a timeout clock. The client will then wait for one of two occurrences: (1) it will receive an ACK from the server indicating that the remote procedure was performed, or (2) it will time out. If the client times out, it assumes the server was unable to perform the remote procedure so the client invokes the RPC a second time, sending a later timestamp. The client may not receive the ACK for one of two reasons: (1) the original RPC was never received by the server, or (2) the RPC was correctly received—and performed—by the server but the ACK was lost. In situation (1), the use of ACKs allows the server ultimately to receive and …show more content…

Assume that a distributed system is susceptible to server failure. What mechanisms would be required to guarantee the “exactly once” semantics for execution of RPCs? Answer: The server should keep track in stable storage (such as a disk log) information regarding what RPC operations were received, whether they were successfully performed, and the results associated with the operations. When a server crash takes place and a RPC message is received, the server can check whether the RPC had been previously performed and therefore guarantee “exactly once” semantics for the execution of

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