O-Vanillin Lab Report

Keep this suspension cooled in an ice bath until it is to be used. 2. Methyl Orange 1. In a test tube, mix together 2.7 mL of dimethylaniline and 2.0 mL of glacial acetic acid. 2.

The aqueous layer was drained, and NaOH was added to neutralize the solution, and deprotonate the conjugate acid to reform the original base, which, as an organic base, was mostly insoluble in an aqueous solution, and precipitated out. Similarly, NaOH deprotonated the organic acid to form a polar water soluble conjugate base. When HCl was added to neutralize the solution, the conjugate base was reprotonated, and the largely insoluble organic acid precipitated out. Sodium sulfate crystals were added to the neutral compound in the organic solvent, because of their hygroscopic property, in order to remove all water from the ethyl acetate solution. The crystals were then filtered out using a piece of cotton with a glass funnel, which ideally trapped and removed all sodium sulfate

Sodium Bicarbonate mixed with Hydrochloric acid. The chemical reaction observed showed that there was fizzing and bubbling, this is evidence that a new gas was being produced. This new gas, CO2 was generated from the reaction. After the fizzing stopped a liquid was leftover leading me to conclude the liquid leftover leading me to conclude the liquid leftover was the NaCl and H2O 4. You found a sample of a solution that has a faint odor resembling vinegar (an acid).

In this experiment, extraction was used as a separation technique to separate the acid, base, and neutral compounds. In extraction, two immiscible solvents with opposite polarities are used to dissolve different parts of the solute with different polarities, so they form two distinct liquid layers. In this experiment, methanol, an organic solvent, and an aqueous solution were used as the two immiscible solvents. The extraction solvent must also be capable of dissolving one of the mixture components. While initially it seems as though methanol, an organic solvent would be incapable of dissolving a polar acid or base, the conjugate of the acidic and basic compound will dissolve in methanol.

This will make the limestone lose the carbon dioxide and increase the purity of the calcium carbonate. Secondly, filter this mixture to remove the remaining silica and other insoluble materials. Next, add oxalic acid (H2C204), to the limestone powered. This mixture will create a calcium oxalate ( CaC2O4), and aqueous carbonic acid ( H2C03), according to this formula: CaC03 + H2C2O4 -> CaC2O4 + H2CO3. The next step is to rinse the calcium oxalate and sprinkle some deionized water and pour it into a beaker.

Vitamin C titration is needed to perform this task in addition to standardizing of Iodine solution. This titration method is a redox reaction with potassium iodate in the presence of potassium iodide (Helmenstine, n.d.). The end point of the titration can be understood by the color change during titration. In this experiment, the addition of iodine to vitamin C in acidic solution with the presence of starch was stopped once color of solution started to change dark purple color from colorless

For example, an experiment similar to this one could be how pressure could affect the time it takes for an Alka-Seltzer tablet to dissolve. Using A flask and rubber stoppers, you can compare the amount of time it takes for and Alka-Seltzer tablet to dissolve in regular room temperature water and room temperature water in a flak but with a rubber stopper stopping the air flow into the flask. This is related to the experiment performed above because the increase in pressure from the rubber stopper stopping the air flow in and out of the flask may affect the time it would take for the Alka-Seltzer tablet to dissolve. Another example of an experiment related to the one performed above is how the amount of water used to dissolve an Alka-Seltzer tablet effects the time it takes for one to dissolve. This also relates to the experiment performed above because it also affects how fast the rate of reaction is.

The goal of the experiment is to synthesize a bromohexane compound from 1-hexene and HBr(aq) under reflux conditions and use the silver nitrate and sodium iodide tests to determine if the product is a primary or secondary hydrocarbon. The heterogeneous reaction mixture contains 1-hexene, 48% HBr(aq), and tetrabutylammonium bromide and was heated to under reflux conditions. Heating under reflux means that the reaction mixture is heated at its boiling point so that the reaction can proceed at a faster rate. The attached reflux condenser allows volatile substances to return to the reaction flask so that no material is lost. Since alkenes are immiscible with concentrated HBr, tetrabutylammonium bromide is used as a phase-transfer catalyst.

The reaction mixture is condensed under reduced pressure concentration. Then the reaction mixture is filtered in the presence of chloroform and charcoal. • Neutralization and extraction step is done by mixing reaction mixture with Hydrochloric acid, Sodium hydroxide in drinking water and chloroform followed by dissolution and crystallization to form Crude Levofloxacin. • Crude Levofloxacin is decolorized by ethanol and charcoal which is then recrystallized and centrifuged to form Levofloxacin (Intermediate). Stage III: Preparation of Levofloxacin Levofloxacin (Intermediate) undergoes dissolution and decoloration in presence of ethanol and charcoal followed by recrystallization and centrifugation to form Levofloxacin.

Although now both the tannins salt and caffeine are water soluble, using an organic solvent, dichloromethane, renders tannins salt insoluble. Caffeine is more soluble in dichloromethane (14g/100g) than in water (2g/100g). Caffeine will dissolve in the dichloromethane phase while tannins salts remain in the aqueous phase. Addition of sodium sulphate will act as a drying agent and evaporation of the dichloromethane solution would yield pure caffeine which is white in

The chloroform and caffeine mixture was collected and into a conical flask labeled A. The remainder of the solution was discarded. This was repeated for beakers B and C. 9. Sodium sulphate was then added to each beaker to dry the liquid by getting rid of any remaining water from the solution. The sodium sulphate was then filtered and discarded.

The difference in this chemical and physical properties will aid in their separation. Processes like solubility, gravitational filtration and recrystallization will be used to separate the substances present in Panacetin. The melting and boiling point of the substances will help in concluding on which of these compounds will be presented at the end of experiment. Procedure and observation The Panacetin content was weighed approximately 3.0493g and transferred to the Erlenmeyer flask; 75ml of dichloromethane (CH¬2CL2) was added to the content. The dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) dissolved the sucrose, leaving the active unknown agent and aspirin behind.

The objective of this experiment was the synthesis of Isopentyl Acetate using an esterification reaction between acetic acid and Isopentyl Alcohol, using a strong acid as a catalyst. The product was washed, and distilled. This approach is called Fisher esterification, whereby esters are produced by refluxing a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of a concentrated acid catalyst. The ester produced had a banana smell odor. The extraction of the crude product was conducted using sodium bicarbonate followed by distillation.

Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the stoichiometric relationship between the testing agents and to identify the products formed. The relationship was found by completing three acid and base neutralization reactions using phosphoric acid, which is a triprotic acid, with different volumes of sodium hydroxide. Introduction Procedure Phosphoric acid solution with a volume of 1.00 mL and a molarity of 6.00 M was transferred into a 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask using a volumetric pipette. Sodium hydroxide solution with a volume of 6.00 mL and a molarity of 3.00 M was transferred into a 50 mL beaker using a volumetric pipette. While swirling the phosphoric acid solution in the Erlenmeyer flask, the sodium hydroxide solution was added to it a few drops at a time using a disposable plastic pipette.