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Essay About Oil Palm

3827 Words16 Pages

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of study and problem statement

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is the most valuable plants in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. The average life span of oil palm is 25 years. Zwart (2013) has stated that, in 2011, the total land area of oil palm in the world is 16 million hectares (Mha) while in Malaysia it comprises about 5 Mha. In oil palm plantation it produces crude palm oil (CPO), palm kernel oil (PKO) and palm kernel cake (PKC). Besides that, the 8% of the gross national income in Malaysia contributed by 19 million metric tons (Mmtons) of crude palm oil (CPO) production in the palm oil industry. The production of palm oil usually used in making cooking fats and oils, cosmetic products, margarine, soap, detergents and candles (Abdullah and Sulaiman 2013).

Oil palm is also known as the commercial crop and contribute huge amount of agricultural waste in Malaysia. Oil palm biomass can be classified into two difference types of sources which are from plantation and the mills. Oil Palm Trunks (OPT) and Oil Palm Fronds (OPF) are types of sources that comes from plantations while Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB), Palm Kernel Shell, Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) and mesocarp is comes from mills. Fatah et al (2014) has reported that 40 million tons of oil palm biomass has been …show more content…

(2015) investigate the method removing lignin and hemicellulose by using microwave assisted dilute acid and alkali pretreatment. They study the effects of three factors which is microwave power, temperature and time delignification in microwave assisted dilute acid and alkali pretreatment. First step of used 8% dilute sulfuric acid remove 90% of hemicellulose and 10% of lignin. However with the combination of dilute alkali with microwave obtained 71.9% delignification. Difference condition for delignification for EFB shows the greatest yield obtained at 900W microwave power, 110ºC temperature and 80 minutes reaction

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