Oral mucositis is an inflammatory reaction of the mucosa lining the oral cavity and oropharynx and is a very common complication of head and neck radiotherapy (RT). Mucositis occurs because of damage by radiation, to the epithelial cells lining the mucosa resulting in loss of epithelial cells. Damage to the basal layers of mucosa, the layer where stem cells are located, results in reduced regeneration as well. The oral mucosa has a very high cell turnover, renewal of total mucosa occurring in 3-5 days, making them very vulnerable to cellular damage. There can be a direct DNA damage by radiation resulting in death of cells.
Methods Formulation of chloramphenicol ophthalmic hydrogel Formulations was prepared according in Table 1. Poloxamer 188 and poloxamer 407 each weighed and dissolved with distilled water. Then stored in the refrigerator for 24 hours. Next chloramphenicol dissolved with propylenglicol, and nipagin. The mixture was stirred until the entire dissolved and homogeneous.
1 ml = 1 µg CN (x) Chloramine –T: Dissolve 1 gm chloramine – T in 100 ml distilled water. Prepare fresh solution daily. (xi) Pyridine (xii) 1-phenyl–3-methyl– 5-pyrazolone solution: Prepare a saturated aqueous solution (approximately 0.5 gm / 100 ml) by adding the pyrazolone to water at 75 0 C. Agitate occasionally as the solution cools to room temperature. (xiii) Bis–Pyrazolone (3,3-dimethyl-1-diphenyl) (4,4’-bis-2-pyrazolone)-(5,5’
2.3. Synthesis of 2-(2-(Morpholinomethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)acetohydrazide (4) To a solution of compound 3 (0.01 M, 2.89 g) in methanol (60 mL), 99% hydrazine hydrate (1 mL) was added and the mixture was refluxed for 6 h. The reaction mixture was cooled and the solid thus obtained was filtered, washed with cold water and recrystallized with ethanol to obtain the compound 4. 2.4. General procedure for synthesis of 1-{(5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl}-2-(morpholinomethyl)-1H-benzimidazoles (5a-r) An equimolar mixture of compound 4 (0.001 M) and substituted carboxylic acid in phosphoryl chloride (POCl3) was refluxed for 8–12 h. Then reaction mixture was cooled, poured into ice-cold water and neutralized with 20% w/v NaHCO3 solution.
IMPACT ON ORAL HEALTH: Edentulism can be followed by functional and sensory deficits of the oral tissues, muscles, and salivary glands. Reduced tissue regeneration and tissue resistance are expected in the edentulous population, which can effect the protective function of the oral mucosa. Relations have been reported between increased age, denture use, and oral mucosal disturbances, including denture stomatitis, an inflammatory condition in complete denture wearers, angular cheilitis, oral candidosis, and traumatic problems [36–38]. According to a study the odds of finding hyperplasia, stomatitis, and angular cheilitis increase 3-fold in denture wearers [36]. Such problems could expose the individual to internal and external pathogens, and their prevalence is an important scale in evaluating the oral health of an elderly.
Bacterial uptake of CHX is very rapid working in about 20 seconds. (79) Various forms of CHX are available such as oral rinses (0.2% and 0.12%), skin cleaners, gauz dressing, sprays, rubbing agents and face wash. As a mouthwash, CHX marketed under different brand names Clohex, Hexicleans, Listermix. It is considered as gold slandered against other antiplaque and antigingivitis agents. It is well tolerated by patients and is a true life saver in terms of infection prevention and multidrug resistant organisms. So it can be called a miracle chemical that ensure maximum efficacy and minimum side effects.
Exposed operation field was irrigated with saline and covered with a periodontal dressing pack. Antibiotics were prescribed (amoxicillin) for 5 days and analgesics for 3 days, patient were instructed to use 0.2 % chlorohexidine gluconate mouth wash every 12 hours. Patient was recalled after one week examination showed perfect healing, after 1 month examination revealed completed re-epithelialization and healthy gingival, after 3 months appeared healthy with no sign of re-pigmentation.