This research focuses on the development of the oral production at a public school in Soledad All investigative process must have some theoretical bases to have a starting point; that`s why the pertinent literature to this project is presented in five sections. Section one will give definitions about speaking by answering the question “What is speaking?” .Section two will mention the different speaking sub skills. Section three will determine some factors that affect the speaking (Oral Production) when learning English as a foreign language. Section four will explain how to teach speaking and finally the last section will talk about different reading activities to encourage speaking (Oral production) and how students may put them in practice. …show more content…
As it is claimed by Florez (1999), speaking is “an interactive process of constructing meaning both its form and meaning depend on the context, the participants, their experiences, the environment and the purpose for speaking” (p. 1). Two people are needed to establish a conversation; that is why, speaking is considered an interactive process, where, through getting in contact, choosing topic, and contextualizing a situation can lead us to get a meaningful …show more content…
Think what is going to be said, use of grammar and vocabulary to organize the ideas, and the emission of the message making use of intonation and pronunciation. The oral skill has at least three components: conceptualization (association in mind), formulation (choice the level of discourse), and articulation (production of sounds) as it is affirmed by Thornbury (2005).
It is almost difficult to find an accurate definition of speaking, but reading the diverse appreciations some authors have, an assumption that can be inferred through all those ideas is that speaking can be considered as the way people try to get in contact or to establish an interaction without using a complex system almost always employed when trying to express an idea in a second language.
In the previous section we arrange some elements and theories that support our research study about speaking that we consider important and pertinent for language teaching and the improvement of the oral production. The next section of this study will be the methodology, in this stage a description of data collection and the instruments used for it will be given. Some author will help us with their theories to support the development of new reading strategies to develop
High school. It's a scary thought. Being prepared for things can be hard. Especially the changes that happened within one's identity. Imagine something terrible happened the summer before high school.
Speak by Laurie Halse Anderson is about a freshman named Melinda Sordino who starts high school as an outcast and detested by her ex-friends and fellow peers. All because she called the cops at an end of the summer party that ended up with people getting arrested and the party being shut down. What everyone doesn’t know is that she did that because she was raped by a senior named Andy Evans at the party and didn’t know what to do after the traumatic incident and they don’t know because Melinda won’t speak. The conflict in the book is very similar to a book called Saints and Misfits by S.K Ali.
SAY, the Stuttering Association for the Youth, supports children who stutter feel less alone, and feel more self-confident. Stuttering can make a person repeat, or stretch out syllables, and/or become silent in the middle of a word or sentence. As mentioned in the article,” The Incredible Power of Speech”, it’s no surprise that scientists find it difficult to discover a cure for stuttering. The complex production of your voice includes the working together of your body parts. Regardless of the curing process being a hard and an extremely complicated one, according to, “The Incredible Power of Speech”, scientists have managed to pinpoint parts of the brain that control speech.
Melinda doesn’t speak because of what happened at the party and she doesn’t think anyone will believe her. Or if they do believe her then Andy would do something to her or tell people that she was lying. Andy is popular so the students would think that Melinda had just said that to receive attention and make people forget what she had done at the party. The truth was that she was raped at the party and when she called the police, all of her friends were angry at her for getting them into trouble. They don’t understand what had actually happened.
You ever thought of how your actions affect others? Or even if you indirectly have caused someone an awful day that you could have prevented? Or instead of a wonderful day? Well, “Speak” is a novel written by Laurie Halse Anderson that talks about a 15-year-old teen’s life throughout high school. Her name is Melinda Sordino who had suffered a sexual assault from a senior at her high school, Merryweather High School, in a summer party before entering school.
Communication is an inevitable aspect of life. It is an event which happens almost every second of every day. Communication is an act of giving and receiving of information—desires, needs, perceptions, knowledge, etc.—of two or more persons through orthodox or unorthodox methods which can either be intentional or unintentional (de Valenzuela 2002). There are numerous types of communication and one is interpersonal communication. Interpersonal communication is one of the communication fields that several studies have focused on.
Oral Language is when the language is spoken to express ideas, thoughts and even emotion. Before a child learns to read, the child begins to speak and connect through saying the words aloud. With that in mind, a child can identify and connect the words on the page to the picture that appears through their mind base on the concept of oral language. Oral language goes beyond the classroom walls because it starts from the words, saying and ideas that they’ve personally heard and experienced through their life. Therefore, many educators test their students on their Oral Language abilities, and Oral Language is comprised of Phonology, Semantics, Grammar, Morphology, Pragmatics, and Discourse.
Oral language is an important and necessary cognitive developmental step in literacy. People, children as well as adults, adults use oral language on a daily basis. People use oral language as their primary form of communication. Children learn oral language before they learn written language. According to our text book, “Teaching Children to Read: The Teacher Makes the Difference” by Reutzel and Cooter there are four oral language developmental theories.
During the two day observations, I had the opportunity to experience how Mrs. Carbone teaches listening, speaking, & pronunciation by incorporating different approaches. During my first observation, the class was a follow up class designed to promote listening skills and oral language development. Mrs. Carbone explained that the class
First repertoire, which is talk for everyday life is obviously being applied in any classroom. It support everyday human interaction and help students to develop, explore and utilize transactional talk, exploratory talk and so on. Learning talk provides students with not only factual answers but also allows them to narrate, explain, evaluate and many more. Teaching talk involves teacher in rote (where I drill any ideas facts and routine through repetition), recitation (recall or test what is expected to be known by using short question or key point), instruction (give order to student and tell them what and how to do; lab tutorial, project etc) and exposition (imparting information and explaining). The last repertoire (classroom organization) allows teacher to make use of five ways of organizing interaction.
A large portion of Walter Ong’s writings in Orality and Literacy focused on matters that were not quantifiable. It may seem unfair to fault the author because of the uncertain records of pre-writing civilizations, but Ong’s writing’s in chapter three of his book focused on a comparison between generalized points of oral and literate cultures, which created an argument that did not acknowledge basic trends evident in contemporary writing. It is important to note that Ong published his book in the 1980’s, but Ong’s claims neglected a historical analysis that traces back to the use and development of tools like clay tokens, let alone modern technological advancements. Specifically, through Ong’s claim that “by contrast with literate societies,
Every individual communicates through dialogue; however, dialogue is a complex subject that can result in a conversation with interacting and speaking with two
Code switching is a switch in the way you speak or the language you speak, Sometimes codes switching is formal or in formal speech. Code switching is something you do around your friends, family, school, and work. It is something very important because it helps with every conversation you may have at school, home or work. Schools make this a requirement to code switch because it helps to improve your communication with others, which is good for a future job interview and speaking with law enforcements. I feel like school made this a requirement for everybody because it helps to know when to speak properly and when you’re talking to friends.
The Aural-Oral Approach in English Language Teaching In English language teaching there are several approaches that can be applied in a classroom. Each one has purpose and gives concern to certain skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing) development. One of these approaches is Aural-Oral Approach. The Aural-Oral Approach is based on developing two language skills: listening and after that speaking which is the earlier stage of learning a language (Geri, 1990).
All human beings communicate either with intention or without intention every single day. According to Barth (2014), Palo Alto Team stated “ one cannot not communicate” in one of their axioms of communication. Communication can be defined as “a social process in which individuals employ symbols to establish and interpret meaning in their environment” (Went & Turner, 2014, p. 5). It can be divided into three models in order to enhance our understanding towards the function of communication, which are mainly linear model, interactional model and transcactional model (Wood, 2009). According to Went & Turner, 2014, there are also different traditions and contexts in communication where it helps us to break down difficulty when we attempt to understand communication theory and their process.