Organic Acid Lab Report

Shake the mixture till all the bromine has reacted. Maintain the temperature below 0 º C and finely add 12g powdered phtalimide in one lot. 6. Shake the mixture vigorously and add a cold solution of 11 g sodium hydroxide in 40 mL water. 7.

Experiment 1: Materials: • Alka-Seltzer tablets • Empty and clean water or soda bottles (12 oz to 24 oz) • Balloons • Water • Clock • Stove top Procedure: 1. Pour a sufficient amount of water (about 16 oz) into a small pot and place on the stove at high heat. 2. Watch the clock and after 30 seconds take the water off the heat.

3mL of strong smelling, clear colorless acetic anhydride liquid was then measured in a 10mL graduated cylinder in the fume hood, and poured into the Erlenmeyer flask. The flask was then gently swirled while 5 drops of 85% phosphoric acid was added to the flask. During this time, the solution in the flask was whitish and cloudy. Phosphoric acid was used in the synthesis to become a source of H+ ions that would catalyze the reaction. Phosphoric acid is a liquid that doesn 't contain much water, since water will cause side reactions and reduce the yield of acetylsalicylic acid.

The crude caffeine was transferred to Petri dish. Petri dish was placed on a hot plate and covered with three disks of filter paper. Another petri dish filled with ice was placed just on the top of petri dish covered with filter papers. The heat was turned on and sublimation was performed for 5 minutes. The purified caffeine was scraped from the filter papers and its weigh was measured.

The resin that had stuck to the sides of the burette was washed down by pipetting extra pH 3 citrate buffer along the sides. The column was tapped to ensure that the settled resin formed a level surface. After all of the resin settled, the buffer was drained into a waster beaker until the level of the buffer reached the top surface of the resin. For the remainder of the experiment, the top surface of the resin was not allowed to dry

Approximately 2 gm, nearest to 0.1 mg, oven dried cornhusk fibres, were weighed out accurately in weighing bottle and transferred to a 100 ml beaker. 40 ml of cold (10-15˚C) 72% sulphuric acid was added gradually to the fibres in small increments while stirring the mixture and macerating the fibres with a small glass rod. The beaker was kept in a bath at 2 ± 1˚C for dispersion of material. After the specimen was dispersed, beaker was covered with a watch glass and kept in a bath at 20 ± 1˚C for 2 hours. Mixture was stirred frequently to ensure complete

The sample was placed into appropriate vials as the liquid (L), and the vial was closed by the stopper. For 59.0℃ (acetone-rich side of azeotrope). 25 mL of chloroform and 75 mL acetone were added into the 250 mL round bottom flask. Small amount of boiling stone was added into the flask.

Similarly, NaOH deprotonated the organic acid to form a polar water soluble conjugate base. When HCl was added to neutralize the solution, the conjugate base was reprotonated, and the largely insoluble organic acid precipitated out. Sodium sulfate crystals were added to the neutral compound in the organic solvent, because of their hygroscopic property, in order to remove all water from the ethyl acetate solution. The crystals were then filtered out using a piece of cotton with a glass funnel, which ideally trapped and removed all sodium sulfate

Place the lid back on the Styrofoam cup. 8. Record the temperature every 30 seconds for a total of 10 minutes. Chemicals Quantity Sodium chloride powder (NaCl(s)) 20 g Water 500 ml Page 5 of 7 9. Repeat steps 4 to 8 for a total of 3 recordings.

The residual biomass was separated by filtration and washed with distilled water. For alginate extraction, the acidified algal biomass was suspended in 3% Na2CO3 solution at different alkali: alga ratio (20, 40, and 60 mL/g). The different extraction temperatures ranged from 25 to 45º C, and lasted for 1 to 3 h. For each experimental run, sodium alginate was collected by filtration and precipitated with absolute ethanol (1:2 v/v). The mixture was maintained at 4º C overnight. The precipitate was collected by vacuum filtration and allowed to dry at room temperature.

Unknown 6- Isopropyl Alcohol We found that unknown 6 was Isopropyl alcohol. Its chemical name is isopropanol and the chemical formula C₃H₈O but is typically called isopropyl alcohol. Isopropyl alcohol is today used as a primary ingredient in rubbing alcohol. Is smells very unpleasant and is used for disinfecting pads used by medical professionals for tasks such as sanitizing small instruments, wiping down surfaces, and cleaning a patient’s skin before an injection.

Experiment 13.1 Purpose: To determine the ∆H of a chemical reaction. Materials: 2 Styrofoam cups, Thermometer, Vinegar, Mass Scale, Measuring tablespoon and ½ teaspoon, Lye, and Safety goggles.