Organs In The Human Body

Divisions of the Telencephalon The brain is divided into three parts, namely the forebrain, midbrain and the hindbrain. Telencephalon is the anterior part of the forebrain and contains the left and the right cerebral hemispheres(Freberg, 2009). The main divisions of the telencephalon are the cerebral cortex, which is made up of gray matter, the hippocampus, the amygdala, the olfactory bulb and the basal ganglia. Primary functions of each division Each division of the telencephalon has a number of functions as listed below. Cerebral Cortex This is the outer covering of the cerebral hemispheres that has a wrinkled appearance which provides enough surface area for cortical cells(Freberg, 2009).

The autonomic nervous system also has two parts, the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division. The sympathetic division mobilizes the body into action, and the parasympathetic division relaxes the body. All of these parts of the nervous system are made up of nerve tissue, the main tissue component of the two parts of the nervous system. Since the nervous tissue is packed with cells, the most common type of cells you’ll find on the tissue is neurons or nerve cells. These cells respond to stimuli and transmit signals.

Endocytosis is either nonspecific of specific. There are three types of endocytosis. One form is receptor-mediated endocytosis, which is where receptor proteins inserted in the membrane identify certain surface characteristics of substances to be included into the cell. Phagocytosis, or "cellular eating," is where particles larger than macromolecules are ingested. Pinocytosis, or cellular drinking," involves the capture of fluids.

It consists of the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The primary function of the sympathetic system is to stimulate your fight-or-flight response, while the parasympathetic system enables you to maintain normal functions such as digesting and keeping the body at rest. Part 2: The Structure of the Sympathetic Nervous System Transmission of signals in the sympathetic nervous system is accomplished through a network of nerve cells called neurons. There are two types of neurons – the preganglionic neurons have short fibers that originate from the spinal cord’s thoracolumbar segments, which communicate with ganglia adjacent to the spinal column, and synapse with the longer postganglionic neurons. Preganglionic neurons synapse with ganglia and release a chemical (neurotransmitter) called acetylcholine, which activates receptors on the postganglionic neurons.

The nervous system consists of two divisions; the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system is the combination of the nerves within the skull and spine, while the peripheral nervous system is the nervous system that goes everywhere inside (autonomic nervous system) and outside (somatic nervous system) around the body except skull and spine. The somatic nervous system has two kinds of nerves; afferent nerves that carry sensory signals from the external parts of the body to center, and efferent nerves which carry motor signals from central nervous system to muscular system. The autonomic nervous system also has afferent and efferent nerves and afferent nerves carry sensory signals from internal organs

The ear has external, middle, and inner portions. The outer ear is called the pinna and is made of ridged cartilage covered by skin. Sound funnels through the pinna into the external auditory canal, a short tube that at the eardrum (tympanic membrane). Sound causes the eardrum and its tiny attached bones in the middle portion of the ear to vibrate, and the vibrations are conducted to the nearby cochlea. The spiral-shaped cochlea is part of the inner ear; it transforms sound into nerve impulses that travel to the brain.

The Dermis is the second layer of skin. It is located below the Epidermis and contains our hair follicles (which sprout on the Epidermis). The Hypodermis is the lowest and largest layer, containing fat and connective tissues. The different types of sensory receptors through the skin allow us to sense contact. These receptors provide important information to the brain through sensory neurons.

The cerebral cortex is made up of tightly packed neurons and is the wrinkly outermost layers that surrounds the brain. The cortex is divided into four different lobes, the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. It is responsible for higher thought processes including speech, and decision making which respectively is the equivalent to

The brain stem links the brain with the spinal cord and moves muscle. The limbic system links together our emotions, and how we respond to certain things or events. Finally, the cerebral cortex which is the biggest part of the brain. It is divided into four areas called lobes. Some areas process information from our senses, allowing us to see, feel, hear, and taste.

Auditory nerves are simulated through electrodes inserted in the cochlea. Disadvantages include the indispensability of extracorporeal devices, the small number of electrodes which closely connects to the limitation of tones, and the relatively large power consumption [1]. 2. Functions and anatomy of the cochlea The functions of the cochlea include the conversion of acoustic wave signals to electrical signals and the frequency selectivity. The basilar membrane (BM) is a biological diaphragm in the cochlea has an important role in frequency selectivity.