Ornit Shani’s book ‘Communalism, Caste and Hindu Nationalism: The Violence in Gujarat’ is an in depth analysis of the issue of communalism in Gujarat in the 2002 and the 1985 riots. She presents her own thesis as an explanation for the origin of communal tensions between Hindus and Muslims.
Communalism has been an important theme in Indian politics since the 1880s. During the first three decades after independence, even after the partition of the subcontinent into India and Pakistan in 1947, no political force gained substantial power in the name of Hinduism. From the mid- 1980s there has been a resurgence of a belligerent and new kind of Hindu nationalism in India’s public life and in its political institutions. In the main, the Hindu nationalist
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Since the mid-1980s Gujarat became the site of recurring communal violence. The state turned into a nerve center for the Hindu nationalist movement and has come to be seen as the Hindutva laboratory. The rising communalism in Gujarat culminated in a massacre of Muslims in many parts of the state in February 2002. The complicity of state officials in the killings raised doubts about the ability of the state to govern and to uphold the rule of law. It also demonstrated that such carnage in a country with one of the largest Muslim populations in the world had the potential for destabilizing India’s democracy and the secular consensus on which it was …show more content…
In recent years, a significant scholarship has questioned the sectarian nature of this conflict. This book is a contribution to this literature, and sets out to trace the nature of the revival of communalism since the 1980s from a different point of departure.
Its central hypothesis is that the growth of communalism in the last two decades of the twentieth century did not lie in Hindu–Muslim antagonism alone. The growing appeal of Hindutva, and its inherent antagonism towards Muslims, was in fact an expression of deepening tensions among Hindus, nurtured by instability in the relations between castes and by the ways in which changes in the caste regime were experienced by diverse groups of Hindus. These processes were conditioned by state policies and their political
Class and Community by Alan Dawley depicts the development of Lynn, Massachusetts from before to after the industrial revolution, focusing on the shoemakers employed there. Throughout the novel, Dawley calls attention to class conflict, concentrating on the difficulties and poverty that laborers experienced, as well as their determination to improve their working conditions. Lynn is seen as a microcosm of the United States industrial revolution because it portrays a sweeping trend across the United States−the rise of factory working and its effects including terrible conditions such as low pay, long hours, and an unsafe workplace. These shoemakers eventually revolted when the conditions did not improve.
After the formation of a government, other events followed that shaped the American political
This constant rift deprived Muslims of a leader who could protect their rights and maintain Islam’s strong foothold in South Asia. The stagnant decay of the Mughal court
The “Outsiders” made me think about the rules that groups give us are strongly founded on what they see as defiance. It made me think that some rules are given within a group are not remotely necessary and that we as a society are to blame for what is deemed as “socially acceptable”. Deviants may not even be actually deviants but that’s what they are labeled by society because they think, what the deviant did was wrong, which could be made up by what society thinks is okay behavior. The relation to this reading and the sociology course shows how society controls us and how they consider we should act. It reminded me of how society tells us as women that showing off our body parts is deemed as trashy and not lady like, but men can do so without
The Marāthās, in particular, became so enraged that they eventually gained their independence from the Mughals and established their own empire,” (Gale). The departure of the Marāthās proves the lack of religious tolerance the Mughals had at times. The Marāthās were so enraged at the lack of acceptance that they left the empire rendering it smaller and weaker. This is just one example of the Mughals not only only neglecting to practice religious tolerance, but how refusing to accept all people for their beliefs backfired in the empire’s overall growth and unity.
Evaluating these factors along with the state’s history will explain the current situation along with possible changes that could take place. There
The Blind Side is explored and defined through several different messages. Views on race are examined and thoroughly described through the sociological concepts; Minority group, racial minority group, prejudice, stereotypes and differential in power. Throughout the entire movie an example that was presented in a sociological perspective is minority group; Experiences systematic advantages and has visible identifying trait. The group is self- conscious, and membership is usually determined at birth (Healey, Pg.9).
In addition, Nehru explained that Muslims “are of us and will remain of us whatever happens” (Document 2). Not only did Gandhi help to achieve what each religion wanted, but did so while himself and Nehru encouraged Hindus and Muslims to remain
Political factors, like changing government, political leaders and political issue directly
America’s identity is defined differently by every individual. Ideally it was to be a place of freedom and acceptance, identified by its message of liberty and hard-work, however the question arises whether America is a melting pot in which only one culture dominates or it a mosaic of many peoples’ histories. America’s potential and true identity lies within its ability to assimilate and create a natural individualism despite race, class, and immigration standing. A country as powerful and influential as America is within industry, politics, and socioeconomics cannot be abstract in definition.
In today's society, the balance between individualism and conformity to society's expectations is a prominent and deceptive conflict. Oftentimes, the individual must put his uniqueness aside and settle for a view of an occupation, hobby, or idea that society agrees with. Instead of expressing original and creative ideas, they are held hostage by comparing themselves with the lives and accomplishments of others and the standards their our society. One of the biggest tools of society, social media, allows people to share ideas and interests with everyone. However, naturally, one will only post what he knows others will accept and enjoy just as he does.
Karl Marx talks about the role of communism and his conjecture of underlying this type of revolution. He speaks of two different class struggles, the "Bourgeoisie and Proletarians". Bourgeoisie are the people with authority, the ones who own production and are bosses of wage labor while the proletariat are the individuals with no authority, no ownership and are giving up their own power to the Bourgeoisie in order to survive. Societies began to separate and became hostile and aggressive classes. It all became about social ranking because of the increase and need of production.
Strongly established ideological disagreements and cultural variances have remained at the forefront of struggle dating back thousands of years, albeit the form of government and societal composition. In Gandhi 's "Hind Swaraj," Gandhi outlines his explicit and adversarial outlook surrounding the brittle relationship between the British Empire and India, along with his opinions on modernization and the methods of resistance India should engage. Firstly, the title of the text refers to Indian self-rule; meaning, the people of India should have absolute and unimpeded control of their government. It is essential to note that at the time of Gandhi 's writing, the British Empire ruled over India. Gandhi advocated for an India that is self-governed in accordance with Indian principles, values, and practices.
There are many standards defining and measuring a culture, some of these are obvious from one culture to another and others need some analysis before recognizing them. Two of these traits are collectivism and individualism, which differ greatly from country to country and culture to culture. In addition to defining those, the possibility of coexistence of the two traits will be examined. First, collectivism simply defined is the idea of everyone being a part of a larger group and all behavior stemming from this. More specifically, collectivism includes looking at the needs of those in your group before looking at your own, readiness to cooperate with your group, shared beliefs, and happiness based on the welfare of those around you.
Organization Culture and Leadership Analysis Using Sociology Paradigm Introduction This study has described the organizational culture and leadership of my company. I analysis my company adopt the?functionalism Paradigm, which is one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology. See below is sociological paradigm. This paradigm developed by Burrell and Morgan classifies sociological theories along the two orthogonal dimensions of regulation vs. change and subjectivity vs. objectivity (Burrell & Morgan, 1979).