Essay On Orthostatic Hypotension

This is a type of drug that increases alertness and physical abilities by increasing the heart rate, breathing rate and brain capabilities . It has a direct effect on the central nervous system, through this it can increase both the psychological and the physiological performance of an individual. They are mainly used to fight fatigue to suppress appetite so as to enable the athlete to exercise at an

The patient’s autonomic nervous system would react to the arrow attack by activating the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. The brain sends a stress signal throughout the body and the hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system by sending signals through the autonomic nerves to the adrenal glands. These glands respond by pumping the hormone epinephrine, also known as adrenaline into the blood. Epinephrine starts to go throughout the body, the heart starts to beat faster-pushing blood to the muscles, heart, and other organs. Your pulse and blood pressure go up, and you will start to breathe more rapidly.

He reported that the intervals between the episodes of biliary colic decreased from one time every 10 days until it became daily. Also, the attack of biliary colic was relieved by intramuscular injection of antispasmodics and analgesics at first, but they weren’t effective anymore. The option of cholecystectomy was discussed and the patient agreed. Pre-operative laboratory investigations revealed normal kidney function, normal blood picture and elevated liver enzymes and elevated bilirubin (AST=174 u/L), (ALT=399 u/L), (GGT=206 u/L), (Alkaline phosphatase=147 u/L), (Direct bilirubin=2.0 mg/dl) and (Indirect bilirubin= 0.6 mg/dl).

Systemic Hypertension is increased blood pressure flowing through the systematic arteries (the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the tissues). It is caused by the narrowing of the arterioles which causes an increase resistance in the blood flow through the blood vessels thus, causing an increase in the workload of the heart and increases the pressure of the arteries (Kearney et.al, 2009, p.11). The blood pressure is considered to be raised when the systolic and the diastolic levels are at the highest and lowest respectively. The systolic pressure depends on the age of a person; the maximum reading is approximately 140mmHg.

The independent variable is the various physical activity intensities (50 W, 100 W, and 200 W at 50 RPM). The dependant variable is the heart rate of the participant in beats per minute (BPM). The hypothesis is that with the increase of the resistance there will be an increase in heart rate and with the recovery heart rate will decrease. This is based on previous studies that have shown an increase in heart rate through exercise and a knowledge of the physiological functions of the

These glands are part of the body’s endocrine system, a system of glands that produce substances that are distributed by blood stream. Epinephrine is continuously produced by the adrenal glands in small amounts, but when the animal is threatened, in times of excitement, emotional stress or danger, the brain sends a message to the adrenal glands to increase the production of adrenaline (Sapolsky, 2000). The springbok will experience an increase in epinephrine which will in turn stimulate the heart to beat faster in order to deliver enough oxygen to the muscles. The blood pressure will be raised by increasing the force of contraction. Vasoconstriction (constrict of small blood vessels to the digestive tract).

They educate parents one-to-one or in groups and promote breastfeeding. MSWs could also be updating records and other admin tasks, ordering stationery and equipment and preparing equipment. https://www.healthcareers.nhs.uk/explore-roles/clinical-support-staff/maternity-support-worker Obstetrician An obstetrician is a specialises doctor who provides specialized care to expectant mothers during pregnancy, labour and after birth.

Hypertension commonly known as high blood pressure is the phenomena when the blood with all its power and strength pushes through the walls of arteries as it pass through them. Arteries are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood to the body tissues from the heart. Blood pressure is linked with the speed of blood hitting through the artery walls. Blood vessels with smaller capacity also gets affected by the pressure of the blood. The swiftness blood pressure is lower when the walls of the arteries are more relaxed or opened than narrow or tight (1).

However, this can be imbalanced by the effects of increased or decreased blood glucose levels (BGL). It is necessary for the human body to maintain a relatively stable balance in it 's blood glucose levels, so when this balance is disrupted, the body acts to return it 's BGL back to the normal range, as if the body does not react to these fluctuations, it may be prone to developing diseases that may result in irreversible consequences on the body, or even death. The primary solutions to re-establishing the body 's BGL is through the work of the liver and pancreas. The pancreas secretes cells called alpha cells, these detect low BGL and in turn send glycogen (the stored form of glucose) into the bloodstream, travelling to the liver, which then converts the glycogen into glucose, then releasing it into the blood stream in order to level out the glucose and insulin levels in the blood (re-establishing blood glucose levels) back to the normal range. When BGLs are high, beta cells (which are also secreted by the pancreas) detect this change.

Examples include being late, argument, exercise (voluntary or involuntary), etc. This triggers hyperventilation state, which triggers increase in respiratory rate, therefore supplying body with higher oxygen content; stimulate sympathetic release previously mentioned which releases cortisol, noradrenaline and adrenaline chemicals into the bloodstream, increasing cardiac output and total peripheral resistance, therefore increasing heart rate and blood pressure; which pumps more oxygen at a faster rate throughout the body. Shortly after, parasympathetic release will kick in and acute stress responses dissipate. Due to being short-term stress, there is no time for extensive irreparable damage to be done, but their post-stress symptoms present: muscular problems (like pulled muscles, tendons and ligaments leading to headaches, back pain), and post emotional stress like irritability, anger, anxiety or depression. [McGonagle,

• In alcoholic cirrhosis, the portal vein becomes scarred and blocked, causing an increase in hydrostatic pressure. Which leads to an increase in hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries. Alcoholic cirrhosis also causes the liver to under produce albumin. This lowers osmotic pressure in the vasculature, enhancing filtration out of the

“Fatigued: A Case on Blood” 1. The values collected from a CBC can reveal a great deal of information about a patient’s health. This information can be broken down into three broad categories, which are listed below. For each of these categories, list all of the CBC values that would provide information on that aspect of the patient’s health. OXYGENATION STATUS (oxygen-carrying capacity): Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, RBC count, Mean RBC volume IMMUNE STATUS (signs of infection, allergy, immune suppression): Neutrophils, Basophils, WBC count HEMOSTASIS (blood clotting): Platelets 2. Review the measurements in the CBC.