Out Of Africa Theory

One example is the region around Dongola Resch and Kerma in northern Sudan. In this region, first structural remains of Neolithic settlements within a densely landscape were discovered, along with large cemeteries that show longevity, which supports the theory that the north developed differently to central Sudan. When looking at the Egyptian Neolithic origins one can distinguish three regions within the country; The Western Desert, Lower Egypt and Upper Egypt The earliest Neolithic Egyptian cultures emerged between 8000 and 6800 BC in the western Desert, and most of the information about them is derived from the sites of Nabta playa and Bir kiseiba Hendrichx and Vermeersch; Marshall and Hildebrand. The sites are hunter-gatherer camps. and in this period there was no sign of agriculture.

Treating citizens as a part of society assisted Egypt in growing and becoming successful in trade, writing and protecting itself. In Babylonia, the people were treated as sacred to the kingdom while outsiders were viewed as alien (Wallech, 2013, p.43). The Middle Kingdom subjects now had a place in the afterlife, formerly reserved for rulers and royalty. In Babylonia, humans teamed

Ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt were two early human civilizations that lived during the bronze age in harsh desert environments located not far from each other. Both civilizations were built around rivers that they depended on for survival. There is evidence that these rivers had great influence on both the societies politics and culture. Egypt was built around the very strong and reliable Nile River. Ancient Mesopotamia was established in the fertile crescent between the less reliable Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.

Ancient Egypt SLL 1057F Amber Waynik WYNAMB001 Tutorial group 2 Jessica Nitschke 1.Hymn to the Nile i) The phenomenon that the “Hymn to the Nile “responds to the dependency of the Egyptian people on the Nile river. The text shows that the Nile river served as a source of life which sustained and provided all for Egyptians “who creates all that is good” (“Hymn to the Nile” stanza 9). The text asks questions about who controls the Nile and why it flow the way it does - the text itself answers that it is the Egyptian god Hapy who controls the Nile. Hapy is the god of the Nile (Professor David Wardle, Wednesday the 17th of February) who delivers the drought or the floods affecting the prosperity of the land (“Hymn to the Nile” stanza 1). The

Mesopotamia and Egypt were two of the first civilizations to emerge along the banks of large rivers. Ancient Egypt civilization was said to be around 3000 BC-2000 BC, while Mesopotamia 's civilization was around 3500 BC-1600 BC. During this time was the Aegean Bronze Age, where trade network, desire to conquer, imperialism and tool and weapon making was important. Egypt and Mesopotamia shared similar social structure, culture, and polytheistic views that were connected to their surrounding geography, although differences in their geography led to varying understanding on the nature of gods and the afterlife. Mesopotamia and Egypt had similar polytheistic views, which means believing in many gods.

It was written on papyrus, the first paper developed by Egyptians which made it easier to keep records. They also carved into clay or stone tablets. Laws and codes are needed to help control and set justice in society. Documents 2 and 5 mention the early laws and codes society had to bide by. Hammurabi, mentioned in Document 2, was a great ruler in Mesopotamia.

The Ancient Egyptian culture was among the earliest civilizations in northeastern Africa located in an area concentrated along the lower portion of the Nile River. Joshua J. Mark, a freelance writer and co-founder of Ancient History Encyclopedia, once stated, “Egypt thrived for thousands of years (from c. 8000 BCE to c. 30 BCE) as an independent nation whose culture was famous for great cultural advances in every area of human knowledge, from the arts to science technology and religion.” Throughout history, the uniqueness and complexity of the ancient Egyptian culture had an influence on later cultures in Europe. Egypt is famous today for its great ancient monuments, such as the Pyramids and the Sphinx as well as other things.

Egypt was very important for two main reasons, one of them being the amount of food Egypt had and its strong reliable food source. The farms in Egypt were lacated all around the Nile River. When the river floods, it makes the area around it very fertilized because when the river floods, it carries silt (fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment, especially in a channel or harbor) and deposits it in the land. So the British used Egypt’s resources to feed their people in Africa. There were a lot of reasons Britain had to colonize Egypt, the most important reason is the Suez Canal.

During this time period, Egyptians had started building pyramids around the start of the Mature Harappan Phase and the ancient Sumerians had become more civilized around 3000 BCE (Khan academy, Indus River Valley Civilizations). Around the mid-Mature Harappan Phase, Sargon the Great ruled the Akkadian Empire. Close to the Late Harappan Phase was the rule of Hammurabi in the Babylonian Empire. Like the Indus Valley Civilization, these empires and other civilizations started small, close to rivers. Harappans had two great geographical advantages.

The Mali Empire was located along the Niger River and included even more land than the Empire before it, Ghana. Like its predecessors, they also participated in salt and gold trade. Mali had a famous Muslim leader by the name of Mansa Musa. He spread Islam throughout West Africa and went on a famous pilgrimage to Mecca. He also supported education and Islam so he had scholars set up schools and mosques in Mali.

Before the arrival of the Europeans, African accomplished many achievements across all of their cities, empires and, kingdoms that defined their nation. Their achievements can be split into three groups, economics, politics, and culture. Before the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the African people developed great kingdoms in which they established a great way of life for themselves. The African empires, kingdoms and cities had a vast amount of achievements before the arrival of the Europeans, they had a great economy due to their plentiful trading, as well as a vivid culture lead by the generosity of their government. Africa 's thriving economy was mostly due to the consistent trading across the world.