Overtraining Syndrome

Hispanic, thirty-eight year old, Anna Garcia expired due to a stroke. At one point in Anna Garcia's life she was diagnosed with type one diabetes. Due to the potential for high blood glucose levels, diabetes itself is a risk factor for stroke. Anna Garcia’s cardiologist had Anna complete cardiac testing. Anna underwent a treadmill stress test. Drastic increases in blood pressure occurred for the patients during the test. Also, a few premature ventricular contractions, which are heartbeats that start in one of the heart’s two lower chambers, were noted during the test. Ventricular tachycardia, a condition in which the lower chambers of the heart beat quickly, also occurred during the treadmill stress test, for Anna

In the human body, exercise can be a source profound physiological changes. In particular, its impacts the release of fundamental hormones in the body. The adrenal glands is the body 's main site of steroid hormone release and it responds to increased physical activity through the release of hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone.(Buono & Yeager, 1991) Aldosterone is an essential hormone used by the body to maintain sodium and fluid balance. It exerts it effects by increasing sodium re-absorption and potassium secretion in the kidneys and in turn this also increases water resorption.(Garrett & Kirkendall, 2000) For this reason we predict the aldosterone levels should rise with increased physical activity, due to the increased fluid and

Higher muscle lactate accumulation and venous plasma lactate concentration is observed in a high ambient temperature compared to a moderate temperature.

Animal experimentation is also ineffective method. The main reason why they are inaccurate is because of the huge differences between humans and animals. Many times animals have been tested on a drug and the drug was considered not harmful. But, was then later tested on a human and the human died. Animal testing is just killing animals for no reason because there will always be the first human to test a new drug or cosmetic. So, using animals is really useless because just because a drug is safe for an animal does not mean it will necessarily be accurate and safe for humans. PISC scientist Gilly Stoddard says “it is unconscionable that animals are dying as a result of the failure to update testing guidelines.” (O’Driscoll 8) Animals should not be dying because humans are using them for inaccurate tests.

The functions of the human cardiopulmonary system can be broken down into two, circulatory system and the respiratory system. The main goal of these two systems is to maintain homeostasis in our body. Homeostasis can be described as a type of condition where the internal continuity of an individual has to keep steadiness, regardless of any external changes from the outside environment. External changes from the outside environment may include factors such as excitement, stress, exercise, diet, and much more. Exercise can be carried out because the human body can endure a high level of exercise during a prolonged period of time. In this experiment, we will focus on how exercise, in particular, affects the cardiopulmonary physiology of boys across different body mass indexes.

Relative intensity, on the other hand, can be quantified as a proportion of an athlete's maximum speed, or by a physiologic variable such as percentage of maximum heart rate or percent heart rate reserve. Intensity is generally considered to be the most critical factor of training. Within the training process, the correct balance of low-, medium-, and high-intensity training is critical to the adaptation process and if too much moderate- or high-intensity training is undertaken, there is a significant risk of fatigue which may lead to over-reaching or

permitted through facilitated diffusion involving glucose transporters. Glucose transporters are specialised for different cell types, for muscle and fat cells, type 4 glucose transporters (GLUT4) are used, as muscle cells are vital to athlete performance in the rainbow rage, GLUT4 shall be examined in this example. Firstly, insulin binds to insulin receptors on the surface of the cell. This sends a signal to GLUT4 vesicles from inside the cell initiating their movement to the cell wall. GLUT4 vesicles fuse to the outer cell membrane, catalysing the movement of glucose into the cell, this is the major endocytic process within cells. Glucose is then permitted entry into the cell by the process of facilitated diffusion, and can be used to produce ATP. Insulin

Negative thinking can cause the human body to fail. Depression may cause a failure in taking care of the body, which can cause the risk for heart attack to become greater. Depression is often experienced after a heart attack. Heart attacks can cause feelings of hopelessness and sadness which result in depression, and can lead to heart attacks. Patients that have had a heart attack and then become depressed are two times as likely to have another heart attack (Hinkel). Chronic anxiety is the body 's response to the worries of life. If the body cannot cope with the stress, an anxiety attack occurs. These anxiety attacks can cause heart palpitations, which can be caused by anxiety or for no reason. Stress can be good and bad for the body. It is good in dangerous situations because the body will release hormones to ensure its safety. During a stressful situation, the brain immediately reacts by releasing a hormone from the hypothalamus into the pituitary gland. This gland will then secrete the adrenocorticotrophic hormone, also known as ACTH, which will stimulate the adrenal glands. The adrenal glands are made up of two parts, the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla. The adrenal cortex is the outer layer of the adrenal glands and will release cortical steroids during stressful events. These steroids stimulate muscle growth, boost the body 's resistance to stress, and trigger a response in the liver which will create sugar. This sugar turns into energy to

An example of a disease that results from an imbalance in a negative feedback mechanism is Cushing’s Syndrome/disease. Cushing’s Syndrome occurs when our body produces high levels of a glucocorticoid hormone called cortisol. When produced at the ideal level, cortisol is very beneficial to our body for it helps regulate blood pressure and the immune system. A normal production of cortisol begins when a hormone (produced in the hypothalamus) called corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulates cells in the pituitary gland that make the hormone called adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Adrenocorticotropic is then carried through the bloodstream to the adrenal gland where cortisol is produced. The amount of cortisol that is produced depends

The risks of intensive athletic conditioning does not outweigh the benefits. Some of those risks include: The effect on social lives, physical injuries, and delayed developement. These risks can cause temporary or permanent damage to the athletes body.

Addison’s Disease is a rare disorder where the adrenal glands, that’s located directly above the kidney, does not produce enough of the cortisol hormone. Addison’s disease can be separated into 2 sub conditions, primary adrenal insufficiency and secondary adrenal insufficiency. People with primary adrenal insufficiency suffer from both a lack of the aldosterone hormone and the cortisol hormone the adrenal glands produce. People with secondary adrenal insufficiency only suffers with a lack of cortisol. The disease is found in every age group and both sexes. Although the disease is not curable, there are treatments to help maintain the disorder.

Lecture today was very eye opening moment for me since I suffered a lot with chronic pain which was caused by a sports injury. Even though my back injury happened about 11 years ago but I still struggle with the chronic pain and how my body was influenced at the moment but still gives me problem sometimes. It’s great to be reminded how trauma can affect our body not only at the moment of injury but also long life. Such a basic review of autonomic system “fight and flight system” in our body play an important role in functions of systems in the body. In addition, basically, autonomic system drives us during the day. Be able to be protected by fight and flight reaction, the neurochemistry response of brain is critical to jumpstarting the nervous system against stimulus to protect the body against trauma. Relating this to my own injury, every time when I step on a soccer field I feel the anxiety kicking into my body and creates this fear in me and prevents me from going forward. In addition, some more reactions of my body: sweaty hands, shaky legs, and headache. My brain is busy thinking the whole time

There are four main theories behind the etiology of exercise-associated muscle cramps. The theories are as followed: the serum electrolyte and dehydration theory, altered neuromuscular control theory, metabolic abnormalities theory, and environmental theory. While four theories are proposed, only the serum electrolyte and dehydration theory and the altered neuromuscular control theory seem to hold any weight in the etiology of EAMCs. Inherited metabolic abnormalities such as carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and purine nucleotide metabolism can be associated with EAMCs11. However, so little research supports this as an acceptable cause of EAMCs that in depth discussion on this theory is not warranted11. The environmental theory often

What if I told that there is a battle going on right now. Do you hear it? An omnipresent endeavor fought virtually everywhere on the planet. A battle that belongs to a much deeper, longer, one could say primordial war. One where each and every one of us are “soldiers” in. However this battle isn’t fought with guns, this battle isn’t even fought with swords. For this battle plays itself out daily, consistently, since time in memoriam right in between our ears. Religion calls this ancient battle the fight between the flesh and the spirit, perhaps in a broader sense the struggle between good and evil. A toil for your “soul.” On the mental battlefield of one’s mind.

Did you know that by some estimates, up to 60 percent of competitive athletes overtrain at some point? A recent study conducted showed that over 15 percent of 200 elite British athletes tested met the criteria for being overtrained, and thus, felt the effects of a “burnout” (Reynolds 1). To understand the toll that overtraining can take on an athlete’s life, consider Whitney Myers, a world class swimmer at the University of Arizona. In 2006, Myers won the women’s N.C.A.A. title in the 200 and 400-yard individual medleys, while going on to win gold in the 200-meter individual medley at the Pan Pacific Championships. Less than a year later, however, she stumbled under pressure at the 2007 Long-Course Championships, making the finals in only one