Pakistan Animal History
LIVESTOCK RESOURCES OF PAKISTAN: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE TRENDS
ABSTRACT
Pakistan is gifted with a lot of livestock genetic resources. In fact it is postulated in which one of the centers of animal domestication lay in this part of the world. Pakistan has a large livestock population, well adapted to the local environmental conditions. Current population of farm animals in Pakistan consist of 23.34 million buffaloes, 22.42 million cattle, 24.24 million sheep, 49.14 million goats and 0.77 million camels. Pakistani buffaloes are riverine type and belong to two breeds i.e. Nili-Ravi and Kundi. Nili-Ravi is the best dairy buffalo breed of the world. There are ten distinct breeds of cattle found in Pakistan. However, those breeds probably
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Non-availability of good-qualityrange has worked as disincentive for this introduction. Efforts to develop a beef-breed have been carried out at Beef Development Centre, Sibi (Baluchistan), where Australian Draught Master was used to cross with Baghnari cattle in order to develop a local beef breed. On-farm results have shown improvement in weight- gain, as well as other productive and reproductive parameters of the newly developed breed i.e. Nari Master but these animals have never been evaluated under farmers’ fields. There is need to first evaluate local cattle, like Sahiwal, Dhanni, Baghnari, Thari and Lohani cattle and Nili-Ravi and Kundi buffaloes for their beef-potential under optimum feeding and management conditions. Research and development work, however, should continue to improve local breeds through selection and crossbreeding for their beef-potential. THREATS TO LIVESTOCK BREEDS
Human preferences and environmental pressures may result in erosion of livestock diversity. For livestock, it is usually changing farming or production systems, economy of the area and relevance of a specific breed in the changed financial and farming system that determine the survivability of the breed. Peri-urbandairying is growing and subsistence farming is fading in Pakistan. Consumers prefer buffalo milk to cow milk and goat meat to sheep meat. Furthermore, human population-pressure is resulting in decrease in rangelands and other grazing areas and crop-production patterns are
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