Q4: Evaluate the significance of water conflict between Indian and Pakistani perspective of water management projects in Indian Held Kashmir?
Ans:-
“Water Dispute between India and Pakistan”
Water is the Critical of Life but unfortunately Pakistan is in the grip of its scarcity.
Since its independence Pakistan is facing shortage of water.
The Unjustified Partition of Punjab in 1947
Gave Birth to the conflicts between two neighboring countries i.e. Pakistan and India. The roots of water dispute can be founded since partition. Moreover, Indian tightened its grips on water resources by occupying parts of ‘Kashmir’, where from “six rivers” that irrigate crops in Pakistan’s heartland of Punjab province and elsewhere.
“The Indus River Treaty-1960”
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Similarly Pakistan has exclusive rights over use of the western river. Paksitan also received one time financial compensation for the loss of water from eastern river.
Construction of New Dams by India on the rivers passing Through Occupied Kashmir:-
The recent years construction of new dams by India on the rivers passing through over occupied Kashmir the water shortage has become a crucial issue for Pakistan
The Agriculture sector of Pakistan is facing like drought conditions and being agro based economy of Pakistan is near to collapse.
Under the Indus Water treaty Pakistan was deprived to get water of three major rivers.
To compensate the loss Pakistan build Dams on Indus and Jhelum Rivers but with the passage of time water resources became short population growth is another very important factor behind it.
On the Other Hand, India did not want to compromise with Pakistan and Violate all terms and conditions of Indus water
At the same time, the author presents the idea that not only does the issue address disregard for Indian sovereignty in the US, but internationally as well. The dispute does not end
The British East India Company's lack of respect for the people of India, be it religious, economic, or administrative,
While Lavani states that britain cares about the education and well being of India disagrees and here 's why. “Some of the finest universities and museums in India were founded.” (Lalvani) After India got their Independence and the british left the literacy rates, on average, of Indians went up. (Doc 5) The british made these schools in india yet India did not have the time or money to join schools.
The British rulers of India helped settle 500 million diverse peoples with different religions all over India during their rulership, providing stronger communities held together by values of religion (Paragraph 6). However, the people of India were given little to no responsibility of themselves and their own nation (Document 1). Meaning the British also created a great divide of the native people and the British imperialists get to dictate what taxes and laws exist, all of which to only better the lives of themselves and did not pertain to the basic human needs for the people who actually lived in India. Paragraph 12 shows that the British did bring several different states of India into one unified nation to help establish an effective justice system, civil service, loyal army, and efficient police force to protect the people of India. On the other hand, document 2 shows that the Indians had no say in the taxes they had to pay to the British or how they spent their money as a nation.
Western times and water wars (Walton, 1991) is a book of historiography and sociological interpretation of the story of Owens Valley California. At the heart of the Owens Valley story is a conflict for water, and collective actions against powerful, dominant forces. Walton covers the Owens Valley story in its entirety, from the resettlement period when the Paiutes inhabited the territory, to modern day. By detailing the one hundred plus year history, the changing sources of conflict and resistance could be explored over time.
Other issue, Britain support for Indian attacks on frontier settlements, also
Ever since the market economy was introduced, our land and water are no longer managed by the local communities, rather they are regulated by the government. Some may believe that this transition is the ultimate problem to the decline and mistreatment of our water resources and land. Whether it is the main problem or not, one thing is for sure, our current ways of distributing our water and water rights are not as equitable as they should be. Often times the way the government distributes water it not the most efficient way possible. This issue greatly affects the people residing in the Southwest, including tribes from Arizona like the Hopi and the Navajo.
After the subcontinent of India was freed from their colonizers at the end of World War II, it was split into two independent states: the Hindu dominated India, and Muslim dominated Pakistan. These religious affiliations created tensions and conflict within the subcontinent. Bal Thackery, the Indian founder of a Hindu nationalist organization, was quoted saying, “When Pakistan wins a cricket match and my country is defeated, why should Indian Muslims celebrate?” (Document 9). Members of the Indian subcontinent often held stronger ties with those of their same religion, rather than country.
Due to that, criminals took great advantage of the huge Indian Territory to escape from the law and hide. The Indian Territory had an immense number of criminals from all over the country. They would terrorize anyone who would get in there way. In order to take
The California Water Wars involved Owen 's Valley and Los Angeles struggling with each other. Mulholland built a aqueduct, but where did the water come from? The water was provided from the Owen 's Lake. The farmers and ranchers of Owen 's Valley didn 't give up their water rights easily. Fred Eaton and William Mulholland both used lies and a series of trickery and strategies to convince the farmers to give their water to Los Angeles.
Many civilizations had to deal with harsh environments while others had a very good environment. Some civilizations had to deal with deserts, mountains, rain forests, and areas with too much rain. Other civilizations had a very good settlement area such as river banks and the Mesopotamia. Tribes such as the Cherokee and the Mound Builders were in a very good geological environment. A Tribe known as the Apache didn 't live in a great area for farming but had other benefits like trading.
The British however did not realize that by utilizing India’s resources, they were supporting India’s economy enough for them to no longer depend on Great Britain. As shown in document 1, this made it almost impossible for India to accomplish any of their goals because England did not trust them enough to support them. This can be reflected in Indian politician, Dadabhai Naoroji’s statement, “Our great misfortune is that you do not know our wants.” However Cecil John Rhodes, like many other Englishman at this time, believed that “[English] are the finest race in the world and the more of the world we inhabit the better it is for the human race.”
This was due to the passing of the Indian Independence Act, which “ended British rule in India” (Wadley 203). In addition, the act allowed India to divide into two sections: India (for Hindus) and Pakistan (for Muslims). Jawaharlal Nehru became Prime Minister of India. Nehru discussed this at the Constituent Assembly. He talked about the future for India, and how they have more steps to take.
It also would make them harder to defeat. Because India was a main part of the British Empire, they wanted to have a quick way to transport goods back home. The quickest way then was via the Red Sea. India had useful resources that the British needed.
In this paper, I have attempted to present an understanding of Pakistan-India conflict by using constructivism theory of international relations. There are many reasons other than strategic reason causing this conflict like differences in ideologies, norms and beliefs. There are also cultural differences between these two nations. 2. Pakistan-India Conflict an overview South Asia is considered a region of great importance in the world.