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Biodiesel: Diesel Fuel

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Biodiesel refers to any diesel fuel substitute derived from renewable biomass and chemically it can be defined as a fuel composed of mono-alkyl ester of long chain fatty acid derived from renewable sources such as vegetable oil, animal fat and used cooking oil (Nada E.M. El Solh, 2011). Biodiesel production can be produced from certain types of oil such as vegetables oil, palm oil, soy oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, non edible oil and olive oil. Palm oil is gained from its mesocarp of Palm fruit and usually this tropical plant grow in warmer climate below 500 meter level from sea. This plant comes from Guinea Gulf in West Africa."The extracted oil from the palm contains a relationship 1:1 between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, are …show more content…

The example of cooking oil is palm, canola, corn and soybean oils. Nowadays, palm oil is used widely due to it’s ability to withstand high heat of deep frying and resistant to oxidation compared to highly unsaturated vegetable oils (De Marco et al, 2007). There are three types of oil extraction method. Firstly is mechanical extraction by mechanical pressing that is the most conventional method. It can be found that engine driven screw press can extract (68-80)% of available oil and ram presses only achieved (60-65)% (A.E. Atabani et al, 2012). This is due to the fact on different number of extraction via expeller. Oil extraction by mechanical presses needs further treatment such as filterization and degumming. Other than that, the problem of yield is affected by suited of some particular seeds. Secondly, solvent extraction is chemical extraction of technique that remove one constituent from a solid by liquid solvent. Also known as leaching that affect by such factors such as particle size, type of liquid chosen, temperature and agitation of solvent. Smaller particle size gave greater interfacial area between solid and liquid. Also, the liquid chosen need to be good selective solvent because its viscosity will sufficiently low to circulate freely. Lastly, agitation of solvent aid in increase of eddy diffusion, thus increase transfer of material from surface of particles (A.E. Atabani et al,

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