ipl-logo

Pandemic Influenza And Surveillance Essay

511 Words3 Pages

Objective

This paper reviews current idea on surveillance and studies in a pandemic in Europe and the experience in 2009 (influenza). WHO and ECDC (European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention) divided surveillance and studies in a pandemic into 4 component: early detection and investigation; comprehensive early assessment; monitoring and investigations concerning the effectiveness, safety and impact of pharmaceutical interventions. Pandemics represent exceptional challenges for surveillance because it has been stressful for those in the health sector, especially the essential contributors to surveillance: laboratories, clinicians and the public health workforce. Other challenges concerned the heterogeneity of pandemics.

Component 1. Early detection and investigation …show more content…

Events occur regularly that might represent the start of a pandemic, so early detection and investigation is a continuous process, even if true pandemic strains only occur a few times each century.
Component 2. Comprehensive early assessment: the strategic parameters
To characterize the important characters of the new virus, its infection and the disease it causes, including virological, epidemiological and clinical features. The key objective is to guide effective countermeasures. This is basically determining the ‘known unknowns’ of the pandemic; the features that are known to differ from one pandemic to another. The most important features are those that lead to specific and differing public health actions according to the findings. These are known as ‘strategic parameters’ by ECDC.
What can and cannot be assumed for the next pandemic.
What probably can be assumed: the ‘known knowns’ What cannot be assumed: the ‘known unknowns’
Modes of transmission (droplet, direct and indirect

Show More
Related

  • Viruses And Epidemic In Fever 1793 By Laurie Anderson

    1016 Words  | 5 Pages

    This field is analogous to epidemiology. It is geared more toward viruses specifically whereas epidemiology focus on diseases in general. It “is the study of viruses and virus-like agents, including (but not limited to) their taxonomy, disease-producing properties, cultivation and genetics” (Meštrović,2015). Medical professionals like Max Theiler go through a process to determine what kind of virus is being analyzed. They classify components of the virus so it was indistinguishable contagion.

    Read More

  • Flu Shot Policy Case Study

    938 Words  | 4 Pages

    The supporting argument states that the policy is a helpful program not only to reduce the risk of influenza transmission to patient, but also to prevent employees from getting flu when providing care [2]. Meanwhile, Canadian Nurses Association declares that

    Read More

  • Bio 222 Research Paper

    406 Words  | 2 Pages

    Due October 19th, 2015 Erin Gibbs: 200270053 Dr. Andrew Cameron Bio 222 Written Assignment 1 1. Health officials realized that the mysterious illness was not caused by a bacterium because the pathogen would be identified quickly in comparison to a virus, which is more complicated (CBC, 2013). 2. It was hard to identify the infectious agent because SARS presented as flu-like symptoms with a rapid onset and is similar to the common flu (CBC, 2013). People who had other underlying health problems made it difficult to identify symptoms of SARS because it made it hard to differentiate (CDC, 2013).

    Read More

  • What Are The Rhetorical Patterns In Out Of The Wild

    1625 Words  | 7 Pages

    In the articles, “The Deadliest Virus” by Michael Spector and “Out of the Wild” by David Quammen the viruses present can destroy the human race, but if the scientists can find a cure in time the virus can be stopped before they take over the world. These two articles have a lot of similar principles; however, the articles are different too. The authors use some of the same rhetorical patterns to develop their arguments, but they also use some unique to their own to take their arguments to the next level. The first article “The Deadliest Virus,” the virus H51N is discovered and explained.

    Read More

  • Influenza Vaccination Summary

    436 Words  | 2 Pages

    insufficient progress to date remains less than 50% been made in view of the increasing speed of the HCWs influenza vaccine. Medical workers have identified a number of barriers to vaccination. But eliminate this barrier, and effectively increase the support rates of the multi-faceted program inoculation any inoculation, this program is a recent phenomenon, it was widely. Medical authorities are now considering a mandatory influenza vaccination for health care providers (Sullivan,

    Read More

  • Impact Of The Spanish Flu Pandemic Of 1918

    671 Words  | 3 Pages

    Nobody was sure exactly how to stop the spread of the flu (not even doctors), but governments tried to contain the spread through rules that citizens were required to follow. To help prevent the flu, government officials put into place measures such as quarantines, a mask mandate, and recommendations for good hygiene practices. Public places like libraries, schools, and theaters were shut down, and the government also advised everybody to stay inside and have limited contact with other people. At the time, the government had more control over citizens, so some practices that helped contain the spread of the flu were required, but others were only recommended. Additional measures were also applied across the world, such as the banning of certain events.

    Read More

  • C221 Task 2 H1N1

    740 Words  | 3 Pages

    Task 2 C228 V2 Breanna Bras Western Governors University An example of a communicable disease outbreak that crossed international borders is the H1N1 influenza virus, also known as “swine flu”. The H1N1 flu outbreak was originally discovered in April 2009. The first known occurrence originated in Mexico and then was detected in the United States soon after. By May 2009, the H1N1 flu virus was confirmed to have spread to a total of 39 countries including: Spain, United Kingdom, Panama, Colombia, Brazil, Italy, China, France, Korea, New Zealand, Japan, Ireland, Germany, Argentina, El Salvador, Belgium, Denmark, Australia, Peru, Norway, India, Austria, Thailand Cuba, Sweden, Portugal, Ecuador, Finland, Guatemala, Israel, Malaysia, Netherlands, Turkey and Poland ("Latest news on swine flu", 2009).

    Read More

  • Influenza In 1918 Essay

    1599 Words  | 7 Pages

    Sicknesses that Shaped the World: Spanish Flu and COVID-19 In 1918, a sickness swept the horizon of Kansas that would eventually change people’s everyday life. The 1918 Flu, also known as the H1N1 virus, was an illness unlike the United States had ever seen (“History of the 1918 Flu Pandemic”). As anything that is unknown and scary would, the news about this influenza swept through the United States via newspapers.

    Read More

  • The Great Influenza Essay Questions

    548 Words  | 3 Pages

    Describe a problem you 've solved or a problem you 'd like to solve. It can be an intellectual challenge, a research query, an ethical dilemma-anything that is of personal importance, no matter the scale. Explain its significance to you and what steps you took or could be taken to identify a solution. In The Great Influenza, Barry states that one must “accept uncertainty”.

    Read More

  • 1918 Influenza Pandemic

    403 Words  | 2 Pages

    Influenza Pandemic 0f 1918-19 The influenza pandemic killed more people than World War I. “According to Taber 's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, influenza is “an acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset, fever, chills, headache, myalgia(muscle pain), and sometimes prostration”. Due to the lack of doctors knowledge, The influenza pandemic( Spanish Flu) spread fast. Conversely, military historians have paid little attention to a deadly disease which underlines the reciprocal relationship between battlefield and homefront.¨ Lack of doctors not knowing about influenza. People not knowing how to deal with it.

    Read More

  • Rinderpest Research Papers

    771 Words  | 4 Pages

    Eradicating disease is a public health ideal that has been passed on for years and still stands today with some success stories behind it for humans and animals alike. Disease eradication is defined as the point where the permanent prevalence of infection of a disease is zero worldwide and intervention steps are not needed resulting from intentional work. There are many things to consider when identifying a disease for eradication. Dowdle states that “if the right tools were available, all infectious diseases would be eradicable” but unfortunately this is not the reality (23). There are three basic topics of criteria that have to be met for a infectious disease to be eligible to be considered for eradication efforts: biological, economic, and

    Read More

  • Flu Vaccine Research Paper

    744 Words  | 3 Pages

    Influenza season is here again so it is time for everybody to add getting a flu shot to their “to-do” list. It is recommended for everyone to get flu shot from ages 6 months and older (McCarthy 1). It is the obligation of healthcare works and their employers to promote influenza vaccinations to patients and is an annual requirement for the workers as well (Lynkowski 1). Winter season is time for healthcare workers to get in line, roll up their sleeves and consent to treatment for a flu shot. For the hospital, their goal is to get all employees vaccinated, especially those who have direct contact with patients which brings up a number of ethical issues arising from the attempts to implement mandatory flu shots (Dubov 2530).

    Read More

  • Summary: Affluenza For Influenza

    980 Words  | 4 Pages

    “Influenza is a disease of modernity: the faster people travel around the world, the easier it is for the virus to spread” (Suddath). Influenza is evident through history, and for the longest time, the world did not have anything to prevent it. In the twenty-first century, when the vaccine is readily available and goes as cheap as five dollars, people refuse to take it. Flu shots are a luxury when it comes to third world countries. Families would line up at the nearest city hall and line up for the whole day just to get a shot that prevents them from getting sick.

    Read More

  • Motaba Virus Case Study Answers

    578 Words  | 3 Pages

    A pandemic is a disease that exists throughout an entire country, continent, or the entire world. 12. Why would it not be advantageous for a virus to kill its host as quickly as possible?

    Read More

  • Aspects Of Surveillance

    1119 Words  | 5 Pages

    Introduction Surveillance is the monitoring of the behavior, activities, or other changing information, usually of people for the purpose of influencing, managing, directing, or protecting them . An automated surveillance system is a substitution for direct human observation. Artificial intelligence algorithms are commonly used to detect what is being observed. There are several aspects of surveillance, some of which include the following: i. Computer and Network surveillance: Monitoring of data stored on one’s computer, computer activity or data being transferred over networks such as the Internet. This is usually done by governments, corporations, criminal organizations or.

    Read More

More about Pandemic Influenza And Surveillance Essay

Open Document