Digital Photometric Determination of the Degree of Maturity and Ripening of Some Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Hybrids Tolerant to Papaya Ringspot Virus
John Michael O. Cue1,*, Pablito Magdalita2, Edralina P. Serrano3 and Ernesto J. del Rosario1, **
1Institute of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, 2Institute of Plant Breeding and 3Postharvest Horticulture Training and Research Center, Crop Science Cluster, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna
*Authors for correspondence; e-mail: jmcue89@gmail.com*, ejdros@yahoo.com**
ABSTRACT
Fruits of three transgenic papaya hybrids tolerant to papaya ring spot virus were harvested in their full green color in order to assess skin color and some fruit physico-chemical
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The digital images of the potassium permanganate solutions were captured. These images were analyzed for their RGB components and will be converted to %L (Luminance), %a and %b. The %L (Luminance), %a and %b were each plotted against the concentration of the potassium permanganate solutions. The camera setting used in the image with the highest linearity was used in the course of the experiment.
Digital Photometric Data Gathering and Analysis
A papaya sample was placed in the light box and pictures were taken in each of the four sides by rotating the papaya in a clockwise direction. Ten papaya fruits served as references for the whole samples and were not destroyed until the last day (12th day) of the analysis. This method was also used to quantitate the conventional color fan for visual assessment of fruit maturity.
Analytical Methods of Physicochemical
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From the R, G, B values and visual characteristics of the reference papaya samples, stages of maturity of the papaya were determined (classified based on its corresponding RGB values). The means of each of the chemical parameters of the classified papaya samples were plotted against the means of the classified R, G and B color values to determine any correlation between a chemical attribute and a color value. From the derived relationship, combined color functions (binary and ternary) were formulated to determine the degree of the maturity of the
That mixture was then filtered through a coffee filter. Nine test tubes were prepared in order to perform this dye coupled reaction. One contained 5.0ml of the potato and pH buffer mixture, 2.0 ml of hydrogen peroxide, and 1.0 of guaiacol to serve as a blank for the spectrophotometer. Four test tubes were filled with 2.0 ml of hydrogen peroxide and 1.0 ml of guaiacol, used for measurement by the spectrophotometer, each. The last four were filled with 4.0 ml of the potato and pH buffer mixture and 1.0 ml of peroxidase.
Lastly, the unknown compound was reacted with two different salts. For the first salt, 0.50 grams of KCl was mixed with 5 mL of water in one beaker while 0.5 grams of NaNO3 was mixed with 5 mL of water in a different beaker. Then, the NaNO3 solution was added to the KCl solution. To perform the reaction with the second salt, 0.50 grams of KCl was mixed with 5 mL of water and 1 mL of 1 M Ag(NO3)2 was added. After performing each reaction, the solution was observed to see if a reaction occurred and the pH value of the resulting solution was tested using a pH
Dalia El-Desoky Organic Chemistry II Lab 05 8 February 2017 Dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol Introduction: Dehydration is a common reaction in Organic Chemistry used to produce carbon-carbon double bonds. The dehydration mechanism involves the removal of water from an alcohol to form an alkene. In this experiment, 2-methylcyclohexanol will undergo acid catalyzed dehydration in heat to form three products: 1-methylcyclohexene, 3-methylcyclohexene, and methylenecyclohexane [1]. The reaction is carried out in a Hickman still filled with Drierite, a drying agent composed of CaSO4 which absorbs water.
The objective of the Unknown White Compound experiment was to investigate the compound’s physical and chemical properties to correctly identify and then synthesize the compound. The first step was to test the compounds solubility and create a solution with distilled water. Next, a pH test was conducted by testing the unknown compound using pH paper. Following, the flame test was used to determine the cation and the ion test was used to determine the anion, which concluded the compound to mostly be potassium nitrate. Next, a conductivity probe and pH probe were used to confirm the unknown compound to be potassium nitrate.
It is important to note that when grapes are ripening, they will have equivalent amounts of glucose and fructose. The sugar content will be 18-24 brix/100g of sugar. In addition, during ripening period, the acidity of grapes should lie around pH 3.3 or 0.6-0.8g/100ml, with declination in Malic and tartaric acid as they metabolize which cause dilution to occur. The berries should be dark colored with soft elastic textures that allow it to be easy to be removable from the pedicels. Nonetheless, strong varietal aroma with low to none astringency should also be found within the berries when it is ripe.
Catechol oxidase is found in cell cytoplasm, their function in plants are to "help protect damaged plants bacterial and fungal disease." The objective of this experiment is to test the presences of catechol oxidase in various fruits and vegetables. Our group hypothesis states that, If catechol oxidase is present in the selected extracts, the null hypothesis is that catechol oxidase is not present in the selected extracts. Next, the prediction would be, if catechol oxidase doesn't differ with other enzyme sources, then the rates will
These color changes indicate a chemical change, which show that a reaction had occurred. In the first step when o-vanillin and p-toludine, imine was formed. The color change from green to orange suggests that imine appears as orange colored. In the second step, the addition of sodium borohydride reduced the imine into another derivative, which was yellowish lime color. The solution turned clear when acids and anhydrides was added, which indicated the precipitate were dissolved.
Yusef Komunyakaa composed Blackberries in 1992 who told the story of himself as a little boy who picked berries and sold them for a living. In Blackberries, Yusef Komunyakaa fixated on the theme of social class by utilizing imagery, metaphors, and allusions to depict the poem. Yusef balanced between the world of wealthy and poor; usage of plethora images and metaphors to illustrate the boy’s perplexed lifestyle while living in a rural world. In the poem was the continuous use of imagery, which exemplified how he connected to the world.
Through Eavan Boland 's poetry, she looks back on things that have happened in her life, pondering their meaning and how they have impacted her for good or bad. She does this through her use of language. There are recurring themes in her poetry. She refers to mythology and folklore and compares them to life experiences. Boland uses simple and accessible language even when dealing with complex emotions.
+ -.0005g of KNO3 dissolved in 20 + -0.5 mL. A 10 mL graduated cylinder was used to accurately measure. The pH of potassium nitrate was recorded and the probe was removed and
Spectroscopic Determination of the pKa of Bromothymol Blue Andrea Myer May 27, 2023 Kevin Huang, CHEM 241L, Section 402 I pledge that I have not used someone else’s old or current lab when writing this lab report. I pledge that I did not collaborate with any other students, except where allowed, and that the report I submitted here contains my own ideas, thoughts, observations, calculations, data, conclusions, and answers. Lastly, I pledge that the data represented in this report was my own collected during lab or provided to me by my TA.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s coming-of-age novel Purple Hibiscus narrates the story of Kambili, a girl in Nigeria, who deals with religious hypocrisy and abuse of her father, a product of the British colonization. She and her brother, Jaja, visit their aunt and receive a different perspective on their family’s lives. This novel takes place in the Igbo region of Nigeria, after the Nigerian Civil War that ended in 1970 and colonialism of the 1900’s. In Purple Hibiscus, Adichie conveys her views of the Nigerian Civil War to the reader by using the setting, specific events reciprocated in history, and contrasting characters within the novel. Purple Hibiscus is set in post-colonial Nigeria- where incidentally Adichie grew up- in a time of government, economic, and social struggle, after the Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Nigerian-Biafran War.
“A hero is an ordinary individual who finds the strength to preserve and endure in spite of overwhelming obstacles. ”- Christopher Reeves. This represents how in life a regular person can turn into a hero just being able to find strength within themselves and “endure in spite of overwhelming obstacles.” The author is Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie.
The 250 mL beaker was rinsed well with the distilled water. The titration procedure above was repeated 2 more times with fresh potassium acid
Solubility of a Salt Introduction: The solubility of a pure substance in a particular solvent is the quantity of that substance that will dissolve in a given amount of a solvent. Solubility varies with the temperature of the solvent. Thus, solubility must be expressed as quantity of solute per quantity of solvent at a specific temperature. For most ionic solids, especially salts, and water, solubility varies directly with the temperature.