6- Intraductal papillomas Benign breast lesions affecting the lactiferous ducts, but smaller peripheral ducts may also be involved; they’re wart-like growths of gland tissue with fibrous tissue and blood vessels (fibrovascular tissue). Papillomas may be solitary or multiple. Solitary papillomas: the commonest; are single tumors that usually occur centrally in subareolar ducts, they are a common cause of clear or bloody nipple discharge, may be felt as a small lump behind the nipple.
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Multiple papillomas: likely to be peripheral and involve terminal duct lobular units, found in small ducts in areas of the breast farther from the nipple, less likely to cause nipple discharge and usually bilateral. (37)
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Epithelial component consist of cuboidal to columnar cells without pleomorphism, nuclear atypia or mitotic figures. (34)
Fig.7. Papilloma. The epithelial cells are laying on fibrovascular core showing no atypia, H & E, x100 and x400. (38) 7- Granular cell tumors They are never cancers, start in primitive nerve cells, rarely found in the breast, can be felt as a firm mobile lump, but some may be attached to the skin or chest wall, they are usually about ½ to 1 inch across and most often are in the upper, inner part of the breast. (39)
Fig.8. Granular cell tumor shows a well circumscribed tumor with lobular nested architecture. High power shows nests of cells with small nuclei and abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm. (40)
8- Duct
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Duct ectasia. (42) 9- Fibroadenoma The most common benign breast tumor, made up of both glandular breast tissue and stromal tissue. Mostly occurs in second and third decade of life, but can be found in women of any age. (5)
Grossly: fibroadenomas are nodular, rubbery tumors, they vary in size from less than 1 cm up to 10-15cm in diameter has borders that are distinct from the surrounding breast tissue, and they are easily separated from the surrounding breast tissue. (25)
Histologically: fibroadenoma is composing of epithelial and stromal components; the epithelial part is made up of tubules consisting of cuboidal to low columnar cells, resting on a myoepithelial cell layer.
And cellular fibroblastic stromas which contain loose connective tissue, the stromal cells are small, spaced; they show no cytologic atypia and little or no mitotic activity. (41)
Complex fibroadenoma is called when there is morphologic variation as hyalinization, mixoid change, calcification, apocrine metaplasia and sclerosing adenosis.
Malignant transformation in fibroadenoma rarely occurs, usually involving the epithelial component in the form of carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma (lobular and
But not all tumors are life-threatening. Experts say doctors can’t tell which breast tumors are harmless; so many mammograms produce a “false positive”. These false results can cause women to have surgery, radiation and other unnecessary treatments.
It’s common sense, a strange lump is always a bad sign. Although this particular lump was unique, even to the examining doctor Howard Jones. He described it as “shiny and purple like grape jello”. (Henrietta Lacks, p. 36) That “knot” Henrietta felt inside her was Epidermoid Carcinoma of the cervix and it was at stage
Lifestyle and environmental factors have been closely analyzed for any links that may increase breast cancer risk. During research, it has been found that newer lab tests that are more sensitive, can detect cancer cells that maybe have broken away from the tumor in order to help predict the recurrence of the
Cherry Angioma A cherry angioma is a common skin growth that can appear on any area of your body. It is also known as a senile angioma or a Campbell de Morgan spot, a common kind of benign (not cancerous) skin growth. It is common in people ages 30 and above. Angiomas result from abnormal growth of small blood vessels, which may get broken, giving the cherry angioma
However, if the tumor produces an excess of a certain hormone, it will cause symptoms depend on which hormone is produced too much in blood. In contrast, macroadenomas are the tumors that larger than 10mm, and they can affect a person’s health by several different ways. Firstly, same as microadenomas, the symptoms will appear when extra hormones produced in the blood. Secondly, the macroadenoma may give pressure to the nearby nerves, especially for the optic nerves since the pituitary gland locates behind the eyes, and this will cause the loss of vision. Thirdly, when the tumor presses the normal part of the pituitary, this will cause a severe headache and vomit, or syncope if
The number one sign of melanoma is a new or changing mole/blemish. The ABCDE system should be used when evaluating skin lesions (Hodgetts, 2013). First check for asymmetry, both halves of the mole should have the same shape. Next the border is assessed; normal moles usually have a smooth regular border while melanoma tends to have a more irregular or ragged edge. The color of a mole should be uniform throughout, if not this is also a warning sign.
In this area a tumor can form due to the cells over producing the substance at such a fast rate. An overproduction occurs causing blockage
(Kewriga). Buboes were egg sized bumps and black and blue blotches that usually occurred in the lymph nodes (neck, armpit and groin), (Kewriga). ”The bubo-a tender, egg-shaped bulge that usually develops on or near the infected
OK ladies of the world, I had a sitting stereotactic breast biopsy Monday. They said "it 's a minor procedure-nothing you can 't handle. You 'll be feeling fine after a day" Let me tell you something... WRONG! Oh my goodness this procedure was something... I wonder how many of the nurses who told me it was minor have actually had one done?
My interest in cytopathology sparked during my first month of pathology training when we were called for a parotid mass fine needle aspiration, it was a case of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma, seeing my attending describe the morphology of the cells to render that diagnosis, was not only inspiring but also exciting. Since that moment I waited eagerly for my first cytopathology rotation . I enjoyed every second of my cytology and FNA rotations where I was able to gain hands on experience performing FNAs, and I also realized how crucial is the patient interaction in this specialty for which my previous experience as a clinician gave me great advantage. Cytopathology is an extremely challenging field that pushes a diagnostician to integrate the clinical, morphologic and immunophenotypic features of each disease to reach the correct diagnosis.
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women; however, invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer followed by ductal carcinoma in situ (American Cancer Society, 2015). Ductal Carcinoma in Situ is a non-invasive cancer meaning that it does not spread to other parts of the breast (Mayo Clinic, 2014). The cancer stays in the milk ducts and is considered precancerous (Mayo Clinic, 2014). About 80% of the people that have ductal carcinoma in situ, were diagnosed by mammography (Breastcancer.org, 2015).
Basal Cell Carcinoma-Many basal cell carcinomas simply look like a small bump that has a pearl color to it. In most cases, it is found in areas that are prone to an excessive amount of sun, like the nose. While this cancerous tumor will spread to surrounding areas, it does not spread to other areas of the body. 2.
According to Huvos et al the local recurrence was found to occur in all cases of chondroblastomas with associated ABC(6). Whereas the rate of recurrence observed in noncystic lesions is 10% to
Cervical cancer begins as a neoplastic change in the cervical epithelium and ultimately involves the full thickness of the epithelium. An aggressive tumor forms in a cauliflower shape, with a fragile texture and a hard, nodular edge. Cervical cancer has no distinguishing or distinctive symptoms. Bleeding, which begins as a blood tinge discharge and progresses to spotting and frank bleeding, is the only significant sign. Other possible indicators include lengthy menstrual periods or an increase in number of periods, and
Key words: malignant mesothelioma, tunica vaginalis, hydrocele, scrotal pain. INTRODUCTION Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis (MMTV) is a rare neoplasm which represents around 5% of mesotheliomas1. Asbestos exposure is the main risk factor associated1,2.