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Parental Gender Socialization

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This chapter provides a review of literatures of the present study. There are three main division of this chapter, the first division will discussed review of literature of the variables in the study and the second part of this chapter discusses the theoretical and conceptual framework of the present study and the third part is on the research hypothesis. There are three main points of the first division for this chapter, first, Parental practices of gender socialization followed by Parental difference in gender socialization practices. The last point of this chapter discusses the relationship between Parental gender socialization practices and children’s conception of gender.
2.1 PARENTAL GENDER SOCIALIZATION PRACTICES
The main gist of …show more content…

During the early childhood children spend much of their time at home and they learn their first lesson about gender from their parents. They also learned from siblings and relatives around them (Leaper, 2014). Although not only parents who contribute to the gender lesson during the socialization period, they still being considered as a major agent in contributing to the gender lessons because most of the time, they are primary educator in a family (Maccoby,1992).
Research on Parental gender socialization focused on the influence of parents to the children (Leaper, 2014) and parents play a vital role in child development (Darling and Steinberg, 1993). Looking at this, it is important to note that, research on parenting has acknowledged difference between parenting style and parenting practices. Although, it carries a general agreement of influencing children, parenting style and parenting practices are two different constructs. Studies have differentiated between these terms, see (Stormshark, Bierman, McMahon & Lengua, 2009 ; Spera, …show more content…

The former is a constructive in nature and the latter is biological in nature, thus sex is described by anatomy, biology, physiology and hormones (West, 1987). Hence, sex is a natural product and cannot be changed but gender is a cultural product and not stays in a fixed state. Gender socialization is a process whereby an individual assimilates the gender cultural system of the society which he or she lives and creating differences between genders (Gallymova, et al, 2015). Gender socialization presents the way social world shapes our reality.
The framework of gender socialization is broad and it covers within a scope of gender message of social construction which learned and reproduced in everyday life. Gender socialization usually happen at all stages of life experiences through the process socialization and re-socialization. The socialization and re-socialization process usually happen through social interaction with various social agents such as family, friends, school and media. The social interaction results in variety of gender roles, gender behaviours and expectations (Neimand,

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