Analysis Of Pashto Language: Past Tense
Faculty of Humanity and Social Sciences
Department of General Linguistics
Field Methods in Linguistics
Past Tense
In Pashto language
Done by:
Amna Obaid Jumah Al Zeyoudi.
201102545
To: Dr. Tommi Leung
Section 51
Spring 2016
Abstract
The Pashto language is one of the East Iranian classes of languages widely spoken in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Pashto is also spoken in India, Iran, Tajikistan, United Arab Emirates and the U.K. (Method, 2010; Zyar, 2003). Pashto has two major dialects such as Eastern Pashto and Western Pashto. Eastern Pashto is spoken in northeastern Pakistan. Pashto is a variation of the Arabic Script and is written using the Arabic Script (Zuhra & Nauman, 2005)
I found that this the way to express past tense
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In Pashto, the most common order for the word is subject–object–verb (SOV).
In this paper, I will focus on the past tense in the Pashto language, how it is formed and what is the past tense for the verb to be in the Pashto language.
Data and methodology:
The data in this project paper is collected from a native speaker (Z.N).she is 24 years old from UAE university her faculty is Humanities science specialized in Psychology. She speaks Pashto as a first language and she also speaks Dari, Urdu and English language. I asked the native speaker some questions related to the topic . And she translates the sentence from English to the Pashto language. I prepare an English sentence that has Past tense then I got a meaning and I used the recorder and notes.
The examples below are formed in the past in the Pashto language .In examples 1,2,3,4 , (past tense changed in Pashto language)
1.Ma parʊn yaw film ʊoledo I yesterday a movie see. past tense I saw a movie
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However ,the second type is adding the suffix to the root of the words for example in example 1 the present verb adds suffix(ra), in the past add suffix(do) and in future add a suffix (am).While in example 2, the present verb adds a suffix(oh),in the past add a suffix(ra), in future add suffix(re).In example 3 , the present verb adds a suffix(da),in the past add a suffix(de), in future add suffix(am).Moreover in example 4, the present verb adds a suffix(ra),in the past add a suffix(ra), in future add suffix(ro).in example 5, the present verb adds a suffix(om),in the past adds a suffix(wa), in future add
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