Pathophysiology: Multiple Sclerosis
Pathophysiology
“ Multiple sclerosis cam be defined as an autoimmune disease that affects the myelin sheath and conduction of pathway of the nervous system (CNS). It is one of the leading causes of neurologic disabilities in young adults. It is a chronic disease that is characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation.” (Ignataviscius & Workman, 2013, p. 978) Multiple sclerosis affects all patient’s differently, progressing at different rates over different periods of time. “As the severity and duration of the disease progress, the periods of exacerbation become more frequent, however patient’s with MS have a normal life expectancy as long as the effects of the disease are treated.” (Ignataviscius & Workman, 2013, p. 978)
Clinical Manifestations/
…show more content…
This type of MS is seen in only a small percentage of patient’s. Progressive, cumulative symptoms and deterioration occur over several years.” (Ignataviscius & Workman, 2013, p. 978) (Ignataviscius & Workman, 2013, p. 978)
Etiology
The exact cause of MS is unknown and is very complex.
• Viruses are recognized as causes of demyelination and inflammation, making it possible that a virus or other infectious agent can trigger MS. Though no single virus has been identified as causing MS in a genetically predisposed person. (Ignataviscius & Workman, 2013, p. 979)
• MS is often seen in colder climates of the northeastern, Great lakes and the specific northwestern states, making the environment a possible MS trigger.
• Familial patterns of Multiple Sclerosis have been identified through large genome studies of families.
• Recent research also confirms the association of Multiple Sclerosis with interleukin (IL)-7 and (IL)-2 receptor genes, as well as other interleukin genes including, B-lymphocytes, and B-cells to play an important role in the more progressive forms of the disease. (Ignataviscius & Workman, 2013, p. 979)
…show more content…
The collective results of a variety of tests are usually conclusive (Ignataviscius & Workman, 2013, p. 979).”
• Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings include, an elevated protein level and a slight increase in white blood cell count.
• CSF electrophoresis reveals an increase in the myelin basic protein and the presence of increased immunoglobulin’s, especially IgG, which IgG bands are seen in most MS patient’s.
• CT Scan to show an increased density in white matter and MS plagues.
• MRI shows the presence of plaques .
• Results of visual, auditory, and brainstem evoked potential studies are often abnormal.
• Electromyography (EMG) findings may be very abnormal in people with advanced stages of the disease. (Ignataviscius & Workman, 2013, p. 979)
V.C. Labs
Upon admission to the hospital labs were taken to determine my patient’s chemistry, her hematology, and her urinalysis.
• Chemistry
• Sodium (NA)- 140mmol/L (range 135-145 mmol/L)
• Potassium (K)-3.8mmol/L (range
Multiple Sclerosis Nancy Mairs Summary
305 Words | 2 PagesMultiple Sclerosis is a real life disease, that effects real life people, so why is it not portrayed on television? Nancy Mairs life with Multiple Sclerosis was one thing she could not control. Showing people what living with MS can be like was something she might be able to change. Nancy Mairs makes a point in her essay about advertising companies, that just because the person in the Coke commercial is in a wheelchair doesn’t mean they they’ll lose business. People with disabilities are real and live day in and day out just like “normal people”, they shouldn’t be excluded from what’s shown in the media.
Nt1310 Unit 5 Nursing Case Studies
433 Words | 2 PagesAs of 2013, the number of people with MS was estimated to be over 2.3 million worldwide. ( atlas 2013) Most of the non-traumatic disabilities in young adults are caused by MS [1]. It is considered that an interaction of genetic factors, environmental predisposition, and abnormal immune responses can be the chief causes of MS, But the exact etiology of MS is still in question [2]. MS has been greatly studied within the recent years, but a great number of clinical challenges still remain in regard to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.[6]
Nancy Mairs On Being A Cripple Summary
673 Words | 3 PagesThis article can turn out to be an inspiring article for people who are suffering from multiple sclerosis or other disabilities. Mairs begins her introduction with a hilarious event which is an attention grabbing for a reader. Then she
Nancy Mairs On Being A Cripple Summary
561 Words | 3 PagesShe had an average life before being diagnosed. She “climbed trees, played hopscotch, jumped rope, skated, swam rode my bicycle,”…. and “walked down the aisle. I pushed baby carriages, changed tired in the rain, and marched for peace” (Mairs, 1993, p.40). Then at the age of twenty-eight she found out that she had multiple
Summary Of Am I Mr Krummel
416 Words | 2 PagesIn “Am I MS?” Miriamne Ara Krummel talks about her personal journey she endured dealing with multiple sclerosis. Krummel further explains at the end how she was finally able to accept her diagnosis and to embrace it. She finds that it’s important to be open about the disease. She believes that, “it might be helpful if more people would talk about death and dying as an intrinsic part of life” (76-77).When she was first diagnosed, she had a difficult time coping with MS.
Emilie Higgins Research Papers
2112 Words | 9 PagesHiggins was diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis when she was in college around twenty two years old. She was suffering from loss of vision and horrible migraines. She had a vision test, an MRI, and then a spinal tap. The MRI showed four lesions on her brain and the spinal tap confirmed the diagnosis because her spinal serum tests differently than healthy humans. Every month Higgins has an injection of medicine that is meant to help slow down the progression of her MS.
Kayla Montgomery Research Paper
368 Words | 2 PagesSo how did she find out she had MS? Montgomery previously played soccer where she got injured during a game and was sent to the hospital where they found it in her foot after some scans, tests, etc., . Soccer then wasn 't an option anymore, so she turned to running. She trains 3 hours a day- 6 days a week, judging her pace ONLY through her legs and runners around her. Having a disease that could kill her anyday and moving, and pushing, and not being so negative about it, just
Multiple Sclerosis Nancy Mairs Analysis
775 Words | 4 PagesEven though she was diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis, she is still able to have the strength to achieve anything that is possible to her. Because of having MS, the unpredictable course of the disease were terrifying to her. Each night she would get into bed wondering whether she will ever get out again the next morning. Whether she be able to see, speak, to hold a pen between, knowing that one day might come. With the horrible situation in Nancy's life she had the strength to overcome any obstacle.
Nancy Mairs On Being A Cripple Analysis
694 Words | 3 PagesI think she did this because she wanted the reader to have full knowledge of the content coming ahead. She says “ multiple sclerosis is a chronic degenerative disease …… … . . .. .. interrupting nerve’s signals.” ( Mairs , 7 th paragraph)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
873 Words | 4 PagesResearchers began to wonder what caused this awful disease and how it could be cured. Technology has completely evolved since the diagnosis of Lou Gherig now with modern medicine it has been realized that there are reasons become about. Most cases are caused by multiple brain trauma, and the other is simply genetic. The cruelest part of ALS is that as the body begins to fail and no longer has any function the mind is aware and can do nothing but watch it’s own destruction. Steve Smith a running back for the Oakland Raiders he was diagnosed with ALS and has been put on a ventilator to be able to breathe and his wife is now his full time nurse.
The Outliers Quote Analysis
655 Words | 3 Pages(Digital Sport News, 2) Kayla Montgomery, a runner with MS, a disease that can disrupt and block nerve signals that go between the brain and lower body, is happy when she runs because she feels safe from her disease which is an obstacle in her
Multiple Sclerosis Case Studies
1858 Words | 8 Pages1474). The extent of genetic disposition is still limited, but potential links are there and while it is not typical of most people with MS, in the case of JF, there have been eight different members within the family have do. In this family’s case, it comes from the paternal side of his family. His own twenty-eight year old daughter was recently diagnosed with MS, bringing this to four generations, much as described in the study. The study focused on the linage of one family where there was an indication of fifteen family members with documented with the
Multiple Sclerosis
727 Words | 3 PagesMS, as discussed, can be slow or fast progressing. Also, there are other neurological diseases that are symptomatically similar to MS as they also show signs of demyelination. MS is often diagnosed using both clinical and MRI results. The physician would usually first take a family history as genetics also play a role (albeit small) in MS presentation. The physician would move on to complete a physical examination, often looking signs such as lack of balance and coordination, loss of vision, and decreased emotional and language functions.
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (TBI)
1216 Words | 5 PagesGo ahead and type football hit into Google Images and tell me what you see. Most if not all are jarring huge hits with helmets flying off. When you think of football like most people you probably recall your favorite teams, players, games, etc. But what about the ever looming hidden issue that plagues the sport? For years, the NFL and its commissioner Roger Goodell has stood by their statement that there is no direct evidence that links football to traumatic brain injury (TBI) or chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).
Rashid Ahmed Case Summary
610 Words | 3 PagesRashid Ahmed Guided Reflection Questions Opening Questions How did the simulated experience of Rashid Ahmed’s case make you feel? Overall, the simulation case of Mr. Ahmed was a positive experience that makes me feel in control and challenged by the situation. I perform multiple nursing skills and acknowledge acquired during lectures. For example, in reference to fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance information, I was able to identify the needs of a dehydrated patient.
More about Pathophysiology: Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis Nancy Mairs Summary
305 Words | 2 PagesNt1310 Unit 5 Nursing Case Studies
433 Words | 2 PagesNancy Mairs On Being A Cripple Summary
673 Words | 3 PagesNancy Mairs On Being A Cripple Summary
561 Words | 3 PagesSummary Of Am I Mr Krummel
416 Words | 2 PagesEmilie Higgins Research Papers
2112 Words | 9 PagesKayla Montgomery Research Paper
368 Words | 2 PagesMultiple Sclerosis Nancy Mairs Analysis
775 Words | 4 PagesNancy Mairs On Being A Cripple Analysis
694 Words | 3 PagesAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
873 Words | 4 PagesThe Outliers Quote Analysis
655 Words | 3 PagesMultiple Sclerosis Case Studies
1858 Words | 8 PagesMultiple Sclerosis
727 Words | 3 PagesChronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (TBI)
1216 Words | 5 PagesRashid Ahmed Case Summary
610 Words | 3 Pages