Pavlov's Theory On Classical Conditioning
The aim of this essay will be to provide a brief analysis on Ivan Pavlov’s work on classical conditioning even though he was not mostly considered as behaviourist but a physiologist. This essay shall be structured in way that explaining Pavlov’s theory shall be first, by highlighting key concepts as Pavlov used a special vocabulary in his theory and by using my own examples to further explain the theory; next, attention shall be paid to a brief description of Pavlov’s experiment on conditioning; finally, providing examples and explaining how classical conditioning can be applied within a classroom environment. Classical conditioning is a multifunctional step procedure that involves stimuli which brings a response (Schunk, 2012, p. 79). Ivan …show more content…
In this case I’ll refer to Neutral Stimulus as (NS), NS is any object or element that does not produce any sort of response, CS is the previously NS that undergone the process of conditioning and acquired the capacity to bring a CR, and CR is the learned reaction to a CS that has undergone conditioning (Weiten, 2008). For example when a dog hears a person whistling at it every time it’s given food, soon the dog will be able to make a pair between whistling and food because it will be conditioned, and every time it will hears whistling (CS) it will salivate (UR) because whistling is now paired with …show more content…
Spontaneous Recovery is the reappearance of the response after a period of time where CS was not exposed (Weiten, 2008). For example when a dog haven’t heard whistling when it’s given food for a certain period of time, immediately when it hears whistling it start to salivate, as the conditioned pair was not unlearned when it became extinct. Even though the dog will somehow struggle after being conditioned because it salivate to any kind of whistling from any person as it will be Generalizing the whistles . Generalisation is when an organism hears or sees the closely related element or object that is similar to the CS. But as time goes by being exposed to different stimuli that are similar to the CS, the dog will be able to Discriminate between all of them. Discrimination is when an organism is now able to differentiate between different kinds of stimuli and how to respond towards them. Moreover, in classical conditioning, Pavlov conducted an experiment to test and prove his theory. His test subject was a dog which was harnessed. References Schunk, D. (2012). Learning Theories - An Educational Perspective (6th Edition). New York: Pearson. Weiten, W. (2008). Psychology: Themes and Variations (7th Edition). Belmont, CA:
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