Essay On Pedestrian

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Pedestrian
A pedestrian is a person traveling by foot, be it walking or running. A pedestrian is the person walking on the road pavement. For many communities, skateboards, wheelchair, roller skates, and scooters are considered as pedestrians. The Speed and movement patterns vary for diversified pedestrian categories (Askins, 2009).
The key principle in planning of transport nowadays is concerned with encouraging walking and transport styles which are environmental friendly. This includes walking and cycling, thus discouraging the use of the motor – vehicles.
The most important aspect of walking is safety of pedestrian on the road network, considering how vulnerable pedestrians are. To this adds other important

From the research by (California Department of Transportation, 2005), children under 15 years were found to be the prospective cluster in pedestrian crashes, and elderly people over 65 years have the most pedestrian fatalities, and most of these were recorded to have been hit as they cross (Hunt, 1992).
A high volume of traffic can affect a personal feeling on his safety and comfort and make the roadway to become something like an impenetrable barrier. The most critical to walkability and safety of pedestrians is the traffic speed (Phiun, 2007).
High speed of the traffic increase the likelihood of pedestrians being hit. This is due to the fact that, with a high speed, drivers are less likely to see a crossing pedestrian and less likely to stop in emergency at the right time to avoid a crash. In the research by (Ronald, 2002), he pointed out that, at 50 km/h, a driver require about 61 meter to stop: and in most cases, this will exceed available sight distance (Hunt, 1992).
It is very unfortunate that a large percentage of streets were designed and constructed with the purpose of encouraging high traffic speed. Fortunately, tools are in place to counter that: and for this, in city centre, the speed has been limited to 40km/h (Renfro,