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Penang Literature Review

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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Literature review is related to the collection of available information or documents such as articles, journal, news and more. These material whether published or unpublished on the research area which are include ideas, review , data and proof of written from a particular point of view by scholars, researchers or others will be use complete this literature review. The purpose of this chapter is to review a related literature that are used in this research on the impact development Penang port as a hub and the Northern Corridor Economic Region (NCER). This chapter will be discussed about the collected information that are related to this study. We will also discuss about the background Penang Port …show more content…

In 1786, Captain Francis Light founded the town to build a trading with the Malay state for the British East India Company. Furthermore, the build of Fort Cornwallis on the northeast corner of the island make the fort as the important center of a trading port.
The history of Penang has make Penang as an international maritime centre. In the middle 1700, Penang was as an entrepot centre for Southern Asia. The entrepot with the flow of goods from Britain and the nations in the route of South Asia and Southeast Asia, from East Indies, China and various parts of the Malay Peninsular. The opening of Suez Canal in 1869 also has contributed to the increasing of the international trade. More ships began to call at Penang which was declared a free port in 1872. The declaration has facilitating unfettered flow of people and goods into and out of Penang. Syahril Akmar (2007)
Syahril Akmar,2007 states that “in 1890, some 800 ocean steamers and several thousand smaller craft anchored at Penang. Hundreds of lighters of various types were employed in loading and unloading ships. This number of craft not including the Harbour Board’s fleet of lighters, the junks, barge and cargo boats registered in Penang all together represented a tonnage of 32,750 …show more content…

This research aims to study the impact of Penang Port development as a Maritime hub by measure the infrastructure development in Northern Corridor Economic Region (NCER)
2.8.1 Port expansion
The up-gradation and expansion of port is a vital strengthen to position the port in world trade and to handle the growing of international trade. A port is a visible manifestation of economic activity. Port also act as symbol of integrated growth Centre and an agent of balanced regional development. Moreover, to promote regional economic development is by establishing a strategic network of ports. . (Ranade, 2009). It is similar to the cases of Penang port because in the projects under Northern Corridor Economic Region (NCER) initiative is to makes expansion on Penang Port.
Based on the discussion by Ranade will can conclude that the upgrade and expansion were vital strength to position to position the Port into world of trade. Then, it will increase economic same like Penang Port expansion it will increase NCER economic. Moreover, Port act as Port also act as symbol of integrated growth Centre and an agent of balanced regional development. Penang Port act as integrated logistics and transportation hub to promote regional economic by strategic network. Penang Port with IMT-growth triangle and other Malaysia

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