Peritonitis Brenda Rodriguez Nursing 1106- Mental Health Nursing Donna Bledsoe, MSN, RN, PMHCNS April 9, 2018 Peritonitis Peritonitis is a medical condition arising from the inflammation of the peritoneum. The peritoneum is a functional layer that lines and protects the visceral organs. This condition ranges from mild to acute peritonitis, and the inflammation of this layer is an emergency medical situation that requires immediate action since it may progress rapidly to acute peritonitis and become life-threatening (Ramasubbaiah, 2013). In general, peritonitis can be caused by injury, translocation of gut flora, bacteria, fungi, and secondary to other medical conditions or medical procedures, such as, pancreatitis, tuberculosis, hepatic damage, and paracentesis etc. Depending on underlying cause of infection, it can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary peritonitis. Secondary peritonitis is the most common occurrence among the …show more content…
However, regardless of classification, the translocation of pathogens into the peritoneal cavity initiates a cascade of inflammatory responses (Mabewa, Seni, Chalya, Mshana, & Gilyoma, 2015). This response is co-stimulated by mesothelial cells, and characterized by an accumulation of neutrophils and pro-inflammatory cytokines (McGuire et al., 2015). In primary peritonitis the infection occurs, but the source of intra-abdominal infection is unidentified, this is known as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Secondary peritonitis arises from abdominal trauma, organ damage, occurs secondary to medical procedures, and internal leaks affecting the peritoneum. Likewise, tertiary peritonitis is defined as a recurrent or persistent infection after 48 hours of adequate medical management of secondary peritonitis (Henderson, Nguyen, Said, & Nazzal, 2017). It can be assumed that the inflammation of the peritoneum occurs regardless of cause or pathogenic
CSI-1 Conclusion A young male adult was cut in the left hypochondriac region with a knife pointed upward, which was previously used for cutting ribs. The patient is experiencing pain in the thoracic area and he is also suffering pain in the abdominal region which is the location of the knife wound. He is also suffering from respiratory issues deep within the thoracic area. Additionally, the patient shows redness and swelling in the pelvic region.
However, some doctors consider infections of the urethra and prostate to be lower (Iman, 2016). Upper UTIs usually consist of diseases of the ureters, renal pelvis, and interstitium. The differences are that upper infections can lead to kidney failure, and lower UTIs result in necrosis. E. Coli and Staphylococcus cause the lower infections, whereas the upper infections are usually due to Proteus, E. Coli, and Pseudomonas. Lower UTIs have symptoms frequency, urgency, dysuria, back pain, hematuria, cloudy urine, and flank pain, whereas upper infections have signs of frequency, urgency, dysuria, costovertebral tenderness, and hypertension (Huether, 2012,
This time with stomach pains, diarrhea, and bloating. Viewing the bacteria in their gut during week 7, there is a new type of bacteria called C. difficile. This bacteria can cause deadly infections. It was developed in this persons gut becuase of all the empty space. It invaded it's way into their gut and rapidly started to multiply.
Fifteen year old Lewis Blackman died after a minimally invasive surgery. The cause of death was due to perforated bowel caused by ketorolac, a highly potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory to treat pain and inflammation and for its potential for stomach ulceration. As I read the case, I noticed the following system failures that lead to this sentinel event. First, ketorolac has a black box warning “not to be used in pediatric patients.” 1 A black box warning is the strictest warning put in the labeling of prescription drugs by the Food and Drug Administration when there is reasonable evidence of an association of a serious hazard with the drug.
Clostridium Difficile Infection Clostridium difficile (C. difficile or C. diff) infection is a condition that causes inflammation of the large intestine (colon). This condition can result in damage to the lining of your colon and may lead to colitis. This condition can be passed from person to person (contagious). CAUSES C. diff is a bacterium normally found in the colon. This condition is caused when the balance of C. diff is changed and there is an overgrowth of C. diff.
Crohn 's is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease that belongs to a larger group of illnesses called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is associated with inflammation of the digestive tract, or gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which runs from the mouth to the anus, and includes the stomach and intestines. It more commonly affects the end of the small intestine and the large intestine. Crohn 's disease symptoms and complications are unpredictable , you may experience almost no symptoms, then have a sudden flare-up. Or you could experience symptoms every day Crohn 's disease is difficult to diagnose, because symptoms vary and because it can be similar to other conditions.
There were times when Crohn’s had overpowered by life. By that, I mean Crohn’s was first and I was controlled by it, not it by me. I
Crohn and his two co-workers, Oppenheimer and Ginzburg, presented a paper on “Terminal Ileitis”, and it was described in the features of Crohn’s disease to the JAMA. It was published later that year as a landmark article in the Journal of the American Medical Association aka “JAMA” and with the title “Regional Ileitis: A Pathologic and Chronic Entity.” The JAMA article was published at a time
It eventually eats away at my intestine until it deteriorates. Sadly, when I first noticed I had Crohn's, it was too late for a portion of my intestine. When I entered the hospital I thought i just had severe stomach cramps, when I left I had about a foot less intestine. From that moment on, my future was all I could think of. I was honestly terrified for what was to come as an adult.
INTRODUCTION Giardia Lamblia is a protozoan parasite. About 200 million people had infected in the world but this value just an estimate since that only 500 000 of new cases reported in a year. Previously, higher prevalence of occurance in the developing countries (20% and 30%) compare to developed countries (2% and 5%) (Wilson, 1984; Farthing, 1994).. Malaysia was considered as the developing country.
When I was first diagnosed with ulcerative colitis, a common colon disease, I had no idea what it was. It wasn’t until several tests and explanations from multiple doctors that my parents and I started to understand the extent of the problem. Although it didn’t seem like it would be a big deal, it quickly took over my entire life. Dealing with the condition meant chronic pain, medication, and many more doctors’ visits. Fortunately, my case wasn’t too severe.
Depending on where the inflammation occurs within the large intestine UC is classified by how far the disease extends up the colon. Research has shown that genes, the environment, and an overactive immune response could play a role in causing UC unfortunately, the exact cause of the disease is not known. “Research sponsored by CCFA has led many scientists to believe that ulcerative colitis may be the result of an interaction of a virus or bacterial infection of the colon and your body’s natural immune system response”(Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America, 2015). Although research has not be able to pinpoint the exact cause of Ulcerative Colitis it can actually occur in people of any age. Nonetheless, research has shown that it hoes have a higher occurrence rate in people between the ages of 15 and 30, who have family members with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and who are of Jewish
Kidney stones have been found throughout history. Scientists found evidence of kidney stones in a 7,000-year-old Egyptian mummy. Kidney stones can also be called renal stones, renal calculi, or by the medical names nephrolithiasis and urolithiasis. Kidney stones (calculi) are solid or semi-solid mineral-like substances occurring in the urinary tract. The urinary tract consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
Even with being observant and watching for the obvious signs and symptoms of a UTI, it is important we also are aware that UTIs can be symptomatic or asymptomatic (Hälleberg Nyman, Johansson, Persson & Gustafsson, 2011). Signs and symptoms of a UTI can include frequent pain and/or burning during urination, polyuria, increased urgency, nocturia, hematuria, incontinence, and suprapubic, back, or pelvic pain (Paul, Day & Williams, 2016). UTIs need to be treated promptly to prevent renal damage, and/or potential septic shock. We also need to be aware of the different risk factors that
Dehydration is the state wherein the person's ability to take in fluids is not quick enough to replace the losses from the diarrhea. Most mortalities from diarrhea occur in the extremes of ages: either the very young or the very old. Diarrhea can be categorized in several types. Chronic diarrhea is the type of diarrhea that occurs for more than two weeks; gastroenteritis, or what is more commonly known as stomach flu, where there is associated vomiting; acute gastroenteritis is the type where there is inflammation of the bowels; and lastly, dysentery, where there is blood, pus or mucus in the stool. Cause