Stages of madness: comparing Augustine's and Jung's views This essay examines Augustine’s Confession and Jung’s The Structure of the Psyche of the stages of madness. Jung and Augustine wrote about the stages of human life. Jung consider the stages of human development from the very childhood to old age.
How Freud 's Theory has Impacted my Life and Those Around me “The mind is like an iceberg, it floats with one-seventh of its bulk above water”(Freud). The preceding quote was stated by Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologists that focused much of his work on explaining how the unconscious impacts human behavior. As well as, he was the founder of psychoanalysis, which he defined as “the treatment of mental disorders using an innovative procedure... it required lengthy verbal interactions with patients during which Freud probed deeply into their lives” (Weiten 382). With that said, I am going to explain how many of Freud 's theories can be seen throughout my own life.
The use of Freudian themes is easily noticeable in the movie Vertigo directed by Alfred Hitchcock. The plot is like the process of psychoanalysis. At first the viewer is first presented with what is on the surface what the reader or viewer can see the conscious in a way. Soon after thought, does one find out about what is hidden behind the character’s inhibitions and appearances, this is the unconscious mind as Freud has discussed. “Hitchcock grants us with information which is not available to the characters on screen” (McLaughlin 2003:12) which allows us the audience to act as analysts.
I am writing this letter to inform you that I have been providing your son, Holden Caulfield, with psychotherapy to help treat his concerns with a number of different mental and social issues. Upon conducting therapy with him, I discovered a lot about how Holden lived life thus far, what psychological changes he went through in specifically recent times, and the events that led him to these changes. The reason I believe he 's here for psychotherapy in the first place is due to the rather awkward tendencies he has, and fixing these flaws is part of my job as a psychotherapist. Through vigorous and close inspection of these tendencies, I uncovered a few issues Holden finds himself dealing with: general skepticism and distrust in others, loneliness,
In “Psychoanalytical Criticism and Hamlet”, Murfin reflects on Freud’s theory stating, “the powers motivating men and women are mainly and normally unconscious” (Murfin). One of Freud’s most famous theories was the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. In the unconscious mind are emotions we have repressed, such as the depression that Celie feels in her everyday life of abuse. Celie feels as though she is merely existing and not living, but without knowing how to change her life around and having no hope, Celie represses her feelings while they eat at her mind. In “A View From Elsewhere” by Linda Abbandonato, Linda comments on the type of character Celie is, “She is an ‘invisible woman,’ a character traditionally silenced and effaced in fiction”
Aggressive feelings, or sexual feelings located in this unconscious: and regardless of what a person does, they will come out during normal activities. By finding the root of these feelings, it can be understanding why a person may act the way that they do. Also by discovering these events, it may be possible to help people channel the energy in a positive way or solve the
Tragic events can affect your mindset in irreversible ways, causing self-destructive behavior, low self-esteem, and devious actions. Jerome David Salinger in his novel, The Catcher in the Rye, he develops the character of Holden Caulfield, an adolescent boy who is living a tragedy, causing suffering and deep pain within him. According to Mary Klages from the University of Colorado, she incorporates Warren Hedges and Freud through a psychoanalytic lens and they come to a conclusion that psychoanalytical approaches reveal how and why people behave as they do, which helps clarify Holden Caulfield’s actions in the novel. Holden is presented as a troubled adolescent, facing discontent of his childhood in which he desires not to describe much in
The theoretical perspective behind Prolonged Exposure is the Emotional Processing Theory (EPT) that originated from the psychological fundamentals of classical conditioning (Ougrin, 2011). EPT was developed in 1986 by Michael J. Kozak and Edna B. Foa to cure anxiety disorder. Foa later used EPT to introduce Prolonged Exposure Therapy for PTSD. According to this theory, PTSD symptoms develop and get worse over time because patients cognitively and behaviorally avoid any situations, thoughts, or reminders that are relative to their trauma- making this a long-term disorder. Active avoidance can lead to the continuous input and reassurance of negative beliefs that the person has constructed for the world around them as well as for their self-image.
For example, a child can develop a false memory of being abused by their father when told about situations which their father abused him or her by their mother, siblings, other trusted family member, or even their therapist. Another example used in this article is how through hypnosis, a patient is more susceptible to creating a false memory such as being abducted by an UFO. This is because under hypnosis the patient is more motivated to reconstruct a memory at the request of the therapist, regardless of lacking sufficient information to recall the events accurately. As Todd Stark explains in his article, “Vividly imagined images under hypnosis can be difficult or impossible to distinguish from real life.” With the line between imagination and reality blurred, it is easier for a person to whole-heartedly believe in their false
This book explored schizophrenia as a rational response to unbearable experiences. When he sat down to write the book in the late 1950s, the outlook in psychiatry was that the mind of an unbalanced person was just an amalgamation of senseless fantasies or obsessions. Patients were simply tested for certain symptoms of mental illness, and treated proportionately. His goal was “to make madness, and the process of going mad, comprehensible”, and he accomplished this by showing how psychosis – especially, that relating to schizophrenia - actually “makes sense to the person suffering it.” According to him, the psychiatrist on his/her part should simply get inside the mind of the sufferer.
Unlike behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy focuses on the mind and not the actions of the patient, but like behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy attempts to help them get rid of unwanted behaviors. Dr. Beck was originally a psychoanalyst, so the fact that both cognitive and psychodynamic therapy attempt to expose something in the mind through looking at past events is understandable. However, cognitive therapy focuses on thoughts, while psychoanalysis looks at feelings. Both cognitive and humanistic therapies focus on conscious thoughts and promote a positive self-image, but cognitive therapists expose destructive thought processes, while humanistic therapists act as a nonjudgmental sounding board for their clients’ thoughts and feelings (Meyer,
Pedophilia should be considered a mental disorder because just like a mental disorder, pedophilia affects a person 's emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. A mental illness is influenced by distress, similarly to as what Professor DeRuiter stated in the film; that pedophiles build so much stress and that it causes them to act on their urges. There should be treatments that can help lower distress, such as interventions and/or support groups. The book Family Violence Across the Lifespans states that some researchers concluded that pedophilia may be caused by neurobiological factors (231), so medical treatments should be made more accessible to people seeking help as well as medical confidentiality protecting the individual 's identity unless the individual confesses to a crime. Medical treatments such as chemical castration should be enforced and not voluntary and should be considered as a form of treatment, not
One of history’s well known and most influential psychologist was Sigmund Freud. He founded the study of Psychoanalysis, which is the study of the “unconscious mind”. He also did other studies such as dream interpretations and repression. However, up to this day some of Freud’s theories are controversial in our world today. Freud wrote a book called “Group Psychology & the Analysis of the Ego” where he argues and investigate group behavior is psychoanalysis.
For any schizophrenic person, they may have had a very discouraging childhood, which will carry with them through the mental illness, making them depressed among other causes. Luckily, a combination of nature and nurture is necessary to be exposed toward the chances of being diagnosed with
“The only person with whom you have to compare yourself is you in the past.” Sigmund Freud is considered one of the most influential psychologists in history, and many of his ideas and theories are continually changing how people and society view and perceive the world. One of his better-known ideas is that of the id, ego, and superego. These ideas can be applied to the characters in A Separate Peace, specifically Gene and Phineas. In addition, Gene utilizes many defense mechanisms, such as displacement and rationalization.