Pernicious Anemia Research Paper

At the initial stage, healthy nephrons will take on the extra work when some nephrons are damaged. But if the damage continues, more and more nephrons shut down and even stop filtering blood effectively so that patients’ health will be affected. To be worse, kidney function falls below a certain point, which is kidney failure. Kidney failure, which can be life-threatening, has a more significant influence on the patient. CKD might lead to complications including high blood pressure, anemia, and heart and blood vessel disease.

Anemia is mainly causes by iron deficiency. If not treated it leads on to deficiencies of thyroid hormones, folate, vitamin B12 and other important hormones in the body. Other causes may include chronic diseases like megaloblastic anemia. On the other hand when the values are above normal, it maybe be as a consequence of dehydration in which the value should be raised. • Neutropenia White blood cells include neutrophils, neutrophils function and immune system protector that combat against diseases and infections.

However this test has a low sensitivity where some individuals with low result would be considered to be deficient but show no clinical evidence of deficiency and conversely symptoms of deficiency can be seem when the result does not fall into the low range. There is a large ‘grey zone’ or ‘indeterminate range’ between normal and abnormal levels. In order to detect vitamin B12 deficiency, a more sensitive and specific screening test is required. Haptocorrin (HC) and transcobalamin (TC) are transport proteins for vitamin B12 . Transport of vitamin B12 to the tissues is brought about by TC.

Definition of Liver Cirrhosis Cirrhosis is a complication of many liver diseases characterized by abnormal structure and function of the liver. The diseases that lead to cirrhosis do so because they injure and kill liver cells, after which the inflammation and repair that is associated with the dying liver cells causes scar tissue to form. The liver cells that do not die multiply in an attempt to replace the cells that have died. This results in clusters of newly-formed liver cells within the scar tissue. There are many causes of cirrhosis including chemicals (such as alcohol, fat, and certain medications), viruses toxic metals (such as iron and copper that accumulate in the liver as a result of genetic diseases).

When this happens, according to new research, immune cells called monocytes come into the brain, triggering fatigue. The second clinical subjective symptom would be blurred vision, the lens of the eye changes shape as it focuses on objects that are close or far away. But when the blood sugar is high, the lens becomes swollen and unable to change shape to focus. The third clinical subjective symptom would be her thirst level has increased and the fourth clinical subjective symptom frequent urination. The tissues are dehydrated when there’s too much glucose in the blood.

A Keto diet is a low carb diet. Because there are not enough carbohydrates to energize the body, the body will begin to break down fat as an energy source, which in turn causes weight loss. When you starve yourself, you are at risk for ketoacidosis, which causes high pH levels in the blood. We modeled this diet to see the effect it had on enzymes. To represent the blood of a person with ketoacidosis, we used a liquid that had a high pH level.

The released B12 subsequently binds HC [12]. this binding is thought to shield the vitamin from chemical modification or hydrolysis by the acidic environment in the stomach. (Del Corral and Carmel 1990; Kittang and Schjonsby 1987) gastric dysfunction and diminished acid secretion (gastric atrophy, gastric surgery or treatment with acid suppressing drugs) may lead to B12 malabsorption. Different foods have different vitamin B12 bioavailability (the amount of vitamin B12 available for absorption) mainly depend on the ability of the stomach environment to liberate the vitamin from them.

Kidney failure is a disease when the organ function similar to dark red colored peas this decline. Dear Dr. Dr. SpPD, Endocrine Metabolic Division staff, Department of Pathology In Cipto Mangunkusomo Hospital, revealed there are some kidney function. First, as the synthesis of hormones, that regulates blood pressure and stimulation of the production of erythrocytes (eritropoitin). Second, set up bases balance through spending a acidic or alkaline urine.

These nutrients can nourish a fertilized ovum until it is implanted. Progesterone and estrogen in the blood decrease toward the end of this phase because of the degenerating corpus luteum. The endometrial cells cannot receive the oxygen and nutrients that the blood vessels carried, and they begin to die. The Menstrual Phase begins, and menstrual bleeding occurs. Shortly before, during or after ovulation, the BBT rises due to the increase in progesterone production.

TEN NATURAL WAYS TO CONTROL YOUR CHOLESTEROL Most doctors will tell you that high cholesterol is very bad for you; it clogs your arteries and eventually may lead to heart disease or stroke. What they don’t always tell you is that there are two types of cholesterol: LDL (Low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (High-density lipoprotein). • LDL is usually referred to as ‘Bad’ cholesterol. It can build up on the walls of your blood vessels (plaque) narrowing them and blocking blood flow to and from the heart and other organs, hence causing heart disease or stroke. • Conversely high levels of HDL cholesterol can lower your risk of heart disease and stroke!

There is, unfortunately, no cure and these diseases will end in fatality. The Clotting Factor Deficiencies are Factor XI Deficiency, Factor VII Deficiency, and Combined Factors V and VIII deficiency. Clotting Factor Deficiencies are a rare form of blood clotting. There are 18 types of factors. Of the ones that affect Jews, all have the symptom of nosebleeds and almost all have the symptom of easy bruising.

The lysosome then cannot break down sugars and slows the digestive system. These sugars are found in muscle cells which makes the overall muscle weaker when the cells are affected by the lack of AGG. The malfunction of this organelle may cause many issues for the other organelles in the cell. The lysosome becomes overpacked when the excess of glycogen builds up. The bloating of the lysosome may end up in its rupture which would severely damage the other organelle and ruin their functions.

Introduction: Dissections are performed on preserved animals donated specifically for science education in order to provide a hands-on experience to observe and study anatomy of an animal in three dimension, unlike a textbook, and how the organ systems are interconnected. In this particular dissection a fetal pig was used because the organs present in a pig, and their position in the body are similar to those of humans which provides insight on how human organs systems work overall and why they are essential to life. The purpose of our experiment was to focus on the external, digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory, and excretory systems of the fetal pig to understand how theses system work together in order to sustain life. Materials & Procedure: