Pervaporation
Pervaporation is gradually evolving from a novel approach into an efficient and eco-freiendly unit operation in the arena of separation science and technology. It is widely touted as an advanced membrane process capable of efficient separation of heat sensitive volatile organic components or an azeotropic mixture. Here the feed liquid is brought into contact with a dense lyophilized membrane film; and one component of the feed preferentially permeates through the membrane. The permeate (or pervaporate) is then recovered as a vapor from the downstream side of the film - typically by sweeping with a carrier gas or by reducing the pressure below the saturated vapor pressure of the permeating species. Pervaporation finds its significant application …show more content…
Jullok et al. (2011) [4] reported the pervaporative separation of acetic acid by a novel polyphenyl sulfone membrane For 90 wt% HAc, the separation factor was 8.4 for PPSU-27.5 and 5.7 for PPSU-30. Miyoshi et al. (1988) [5] carried out dehydration of an aqueous acetic acid solution through commercial ion-exchange membranes. Separation of water-acetic acid mixtures by using a blend membrane composed of poly (vinyl alcohol) and several hydrophilic copolymers such as poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) could achieve the separation factor of 34 with a flux of 140 g/m2-h at 25°C [6]. Kuila and Ray (2011) [7] reported the dehydration of acetic acid using a chemically modified polyvinyl alcohol membrane (full interpenetrating network membrane). In another study, pervaporative dehydration of acetic acid was conducted using polyelectrolytes complex (PEC)/11-phosphotungstic acid hydrate (PW11) hybrid membrane (PEC/PW11). The hybrid membrane containing 9 wt% PW11 exhibited the best pervaporation performance, whose averaged permeation flux was 0.440 kg/m2/h and separation factor was 144 for 90 wt% aqueous solution of acetic acid at 50oC [8]. A few other membranes used in the dehydration of acetic acid solution are polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) [9], organosilica membranes prepared from bis(triethoxysilyl) ethane (BTESE) [10], NaY zeolite and hybrid poly(vinyl alcohol) composite membrane [11], sulfonated polybenzimidazole (Wang et al., 2012) [12] and so
Nick Vaca This Is Water Analysis
579 Words | 3 Pages“I hated Martin more than others,because of his belly” Nick Vaca says in his story, Martin, which is about how the author reenacts the memory with visual language and specific word choices to give a picture on what he has a lasting impression on, which is an encounter with a boy named Martin. It became evident that the narrator, seemed to remember the scene perfectly, which shows how he still remembers it, which might indicate some sort of mark or impression left after experiencing the encounter. Near the end of the book, Nick might of seen that he had the wrong idea about Martin, which could of let his past experience affect his eyes metaphorically on Martin. Nick starts off the story with the first details, but more importantly, shows his point of view. Before he has his first interaction with the name Martin, he might of already have a point of view on where he lives, as it was not very wealthy.
Dehydration Of 2-Methylcyclohexanol Lab Report
967 Words | 4 PagesDehydration of 2-Methylcyclohexanol Sura Abedali Wednesday 2:00 PM January 31, 2018 Introduction: Dehydration reactions are important processes to convert alcohols into alkenes. It is a type of elimination reaction that removes an “-OH” group from one carbon molecule and a hydrogen from a neighboring carbon, thus releasing them as a water molecule (H2O) and forming a pi bond between the two carbons1. In this experiment, 2-methylcyclohexanol undergoes dehydration to form three possible products: methylenecylcohexane, 1-methylcyclohexene, and 3-methylcyclohexene in a Hickman still apparatus. Adding 85% Phosphoric Acid to protonates the “-OH” group, turning it into a better leaving group and initiating the dehydration reaction.
Beta Vulgaris Lab Report
1572 Words | 7 PagesThe membrane permeability of Beta vulgaris is affected by ethanol solution Introduction Cell membranes are the semi-permeable membrane that surrounds all cells. It separates the extracellular environment from the intercellular environment. It is a phospholipid bilayer which contains various proteins, lipids and carbohydrates all serving different purposes. It is this structure which allows for the transport of nutrients, proteins and water. (Nature.com, 2014).
Acetylsalicylic Acid Synthesis Lab Report
704 Words | 3 PagesResults: Table 1: Results from the Salicylic acid (g) and the Purity of ASA (g) Experiment Mass of salicylic acid (g) 0.14 g Mass of filter paper (g) 0.47 g Mass of “impure” ASA + filter paper (g) 0.56 g Mass of prepared “impure” ASA (g)
Trouble The Water Analysis
1466 Words | 6 PagesThe documentary "Trouble the Water" is filled with stories and different accounts of the aftermath of hurricane Katrina. The film begins by introducing Kimberly Roberts and her husband. They are the main characters of this film. The first part of the film shows the day leading up to the hurricane as shot by Mrs. Roberts home video. It focuses on the evacuation order and the people who are not able to leave for lack of transportation.
A Secret Lost In The Water Analysis
535 Words | 3 PagesSometimes the relationship between two generations is very complicated. “My Father Is a Simple Man” by Luis Omar Salinas and “A secret Lost in the Water” by Roch Carrier explore these universal themes, the greatness of love together with the unavoidability of conflicts between two generations through the depiction of the speakers’ personal experience with their fathers. In “My Father Is a Simple Man”, the speaker expresses his love for his father deeply by highly complimenting that his father has sincere “kindness and patience” (Salinas 23) to take the speaker on “lifelong journey” (Salinas 9-10). In the end of the poem, the speaker firmly believes that he should “have learned” (Salinas 36) something from his father which states a manifestly
How Does The Concentration Of Water Affect The Preparation Of Nacl Rates
1864 Words | 8 PagesInvestigation of the effect of NaCl concentration on the evaporation rate of water. Chemistry HL Internal Assessment Vitaebella Tsang Ao Ling Contents page Contents page 2 Introduction 3 Design 4 Research question 4 Variables 4 Method 5 Results 6 Discussion 9 Evaluation 9 Bibliography 10 Introduction Many recipes call for salt to be added to the water when cooking pasta to add flavor, but there has been common belief or misunderstanding that adding salt will make the water boil faster. However, it is now known that that is not the fact, and that adding salt will do the opposite and make the water boil more slowly instead.
Beta Vulgaris Cell Lab Report
1061 Words | 5 PagesMore specifically the aim was to investigate what effect 40% and 70% ethanol solutions had on a B. Vulgaris cell membrane and then compare them to the same test with distilled water. It was hypothesised that the ethanol solution would increase the membrane permeability. From the results the hypothesis can be supported. Cell membranes are a core aspect of understanding cells which helps to understand humans and other living creatures. Therefore the topic of cell membranes has been extensively researched, meaning that there is no limit to information and sources of information of the subject.
Distillation And Purification Of Liquids Lab Report
742 Words | 3 PagesIn a simple distillation, the solution is brought to a boil and the vapours rise into a stillhead that directs them into a condenser. The vapour is condensed to the liquid phase and collected. This method works well for solutions that are composed of liquids with vastly different boiling points. However, if the liquids are similar in boiling points, fractional distillation is the preferred method of separation. In this technique, vapours are forced to pass through a fractional distillation column before reaching the stillhead.
Essay On Desalination
708 Words | 3 PagesDesalination Essay Introduction: Drinking seawater is bad, the salt makes you dehydrated and the more salt water you drink the more it makes you sweat. You also get a dry mouth and low blood pressure as well as your heartbeats faster; you could get bad headaches and a lot of dizziness. Most of the biggest desalination plants are in the middle east like United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Israel and many more, but the biggest desalination plant in United Arab Emirates it is the biggest power production, in Jebel Ali M-station in Dubai. The plant has an installed capacity of 2,060MW (mega watts) and 140 million imperial gallons of water per day.
Osmosis Experiment Essay
1605 Words | 7 PagesThe overall project goals and central questions that has to do with the project is mostly trying to determine the isotonic concentration of the salt in potato roots and the use of the ideal soil salt conditions for the potato plant growth. In part 2, we had to test the enzyme activity that is in the was involved in the potato, so we can also determine the ideal soil pH conditions for the potato plant growth. In part 3, we were able to test absorb the leaf pigment at various wavelengths that determine the optimum light absorption conditions and was able to make recommendations for the light conditions that would be used un greenhouses. The goal of the first project is to determine the ideal soil salt for potato roots and we can relate this to the project is to find out if Solution A or Solution B has more solute in it. The goal of this project is to determine the meaning of Osmosis.
Recrystallizing Benzoic Acid Lab Report
1019 Words | 5 PagesPurpose/Introduction The process of recrystallization is an important method of purifying a solid organic substance using a hot solution as a solvent. This method will allow the separation of impurities. We will analyze Benzoic Acid as it is dissolved and recrystallized in water and in a solvent of Methanol and water. Reaction/Summary
Benzoic Acid Lab Report
767 Words | 4 PagesAbstract The unknown concentration of benzoic acid used when titrated with standardized 0.1031M NaOH and the solubility was calculated at two different temperatures (20◦C and 30◦C). With the aid of the Van’t Hoff equation, the enthalpy of solution of benzoic acid at those temperatures was determined as 10.82 KJ. This compares well with the value of 10.27KJ found in the literature.
Lab Experiment: Osmosis Visking Tube Lab
830 Words | 4 PagesThis experiment is to investigate the relationship between solute concentration and the movement of water through semipermeable membrane by the process of osmosis. The purpose of this The Visking tubing apparatus establishes the osmosis procedure. The Visking tubing is a semipermeable membrane filled up with concentrated sucrose solution. The surface of the semipermeable membrane symbolizes the visking tubes and the mixture demonstrates the cytoplasm. If the Visking tube is absorbed in water, after a period of time, it will be have water inside water, this is because the water molecules can pass through the tubing, while the larger sugar molecules cannot diffuse out from the tubing because the size of sugar molecules do not allow it to go through the tubing.
More about Pervaporation
Nick Vaca This Is Water Analysis
579 Words | 3 PagesDehydration Of 2-Methylcyclohexanol Lab Report
967 Words | 4 PagesBeta Vulgaris Lab Report
1572 Words | 7 PagesAcetylsalicylic Acid Synthesis Lab Report
704 Words | 3 PagesHow Do George And Lennie Support Each Other
713 Words | 3 PagesTrouble The Water Analysis
1466 Words | 6 PagesA Secret Lost In The Water Analysis
535 Words | 3 PagesHow Does The Concentration Of Water Affect The Preparation Of Nacl Rates
1864 Words | 8 PagesBeta Vulgaris Cell Lab Report
1061 Words | 5 PagesDistillation And Purification Of Liquids Lab Report
742 Words | 3 PagesEssay On Desalination
708 Words | 3 PagesOsmosis Experiment Essay
1605 Words | 7 PagesRecrystallizing Benzoic Acid Lab Report
1019 Words | 5 PagesBenzoic Acid Lab Report
767 Words | 4 PagesLab Experiment: Osmosis Visking Tube Lab
830 Words | 4 Pages