Utilization Of Pesticides

Environment, composed of biotic, including animals, plants and microorganisms while abiotic factors comprise all the non-living elements like water, temperature humidity. The environment components influence the growth and development of an organism. Furthermore, the environment also affects living organisms at the molecular level by influencing the genes and genome of the organism and therefore, affecting the functioning of genetic components. Therefore, a healthy and clean environment is an essential and fundamental requirement of all living organisms. But with the increasing human population, the quality of the environment is degrading day by day, mainly due to increased urbanization, deforestation, and various developmental works like building

Diseases like malaria, which is transmitted by the infected mosquito is one of the diseases which were greatly controlled because of utilization of pesticides. Similarly, various benefits have been derived from the use of these pesticides in agriculture sector upon which the Indian economy mostly depend. Pesticides have played an important role in increasing this production by reducing the losses occurring from various pests. In spite of the fact that there are different advantages connected with the utilization of pesticides yet there are additionally issues connected with their utilization. The overuse of pesticides disturbs the balance of an ecosystem that is they are disturbing the natural balance of the ecosystem. When these pesticides are used they usually do not stay at one location where they are applied, they are mobile hence moving through air, water and soil. Another issue with the utilization of pesticides is that they bio accumulate inside the body and the animals do not have proper mechanism to remove it, they also lead to biomagnifications with this concentration of chemicals or pesticides increases in each level of the food chain. The toxicity of pesticides ultimately results in various health issues. Acute effects resulting from pesticide exposure are rashes on skin,

It has been shown to be effective against various caterpillars, thrips aphids, spider mites, and white flies in greenhouse, outdoor fruit and vegetable crops. The compound has been commercially in use since 1961. Dichlorvos is known to be neurotoxic, carcinogenic, genotoxic and is having environmental effects also. It acts on acetylcholinesterase, which is generally associated with the nervous system of insects, it basically inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase resulting in various effects such as perspiration, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness and headache. The higher concentrations may result in convulsions and coma. Dichlorvos is also known to affect the reproduction in some organisms as has been shown in the case of birth defects observed in rats which were exposed to this pesticide. Sperm abnormalities were also reported in mice which were injected with Dichlorvos. This pesticide was used for present studies due to its huge insecticidal properties and its excessive use in agricultural fields of jalandhar