According to Vincent (2010) management by objectives (MBO) is an approach in which a balance is desired among the objectives of employees and the company. Moreover, However, Peter Drucker’s basic principle is that management by objectives is to simplify joint objectives whereby feedback is provided o such outcome.
Moreover, setting challenging but achievable objectives enhance empowerment and motivation of the employees. Also, by improving dedication, opportunity is given to the managers to focus on innovative ideas that are new that assist to the development and objectives of the organisation. However, a set of conditions must be met. These are:
• The objectives are decided with the employees
• The objectives are prepared with quantitative
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Moreover, as this theory suggest that leaders that are more successful are those that are capable in adapting their leadership to circumstances and by looking at cues for instance, the type of task given by employees at Ford Motors, the groups nature and other things that will contribute so that the work can be done. This type of theory is also referred to as the Hersey-Blanchard whereby he makes mention of four different types of …show more content…
Also, each circumstances is different and the example leader-led circumstance will be different, as well.
Advantages
• Account is based on different situations, although in a general way
• The theory is a common-sense perception of the world to the ones that realised dynamics of the system and context are an important aspect of a leader-led circumstance.
• The contingency theory inspired thought about a specific view of a leader-led circumstances that need more strong focus.
Disadvantages
• The theory might be declared in too common way to have particular practical value.
• recognizing the view of a circumstance can be highly personal and might not capture the truth of a leader-led circumstance
• Any validation and confirmation of a system that is modelled is inherently
In the late 1970s/early 1980s, the authors both developed their own models using the situational leadership theory; Hersey - Situational Leadership Model and Blanchard et al. Situational Leadership II
They refer to Fielder’s contingency theory, path-goal theory, Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership theory, and Vroom and Yetton’s normative decision model. Each theory is distinctive and different from each other. In the case of McDonald’s, it practices each theory to a certain degree. Fieldler’s contingency theory states that in order to maximize work group performance, leaders must be matched to the right leadership situation (Williams, 2007).
Those individuals who were believed to have these inherent skills were people of very influential status, wartime heroes and those of great wealth. The people who emerge or are most picked to lead have distinctive drives and character profiles (Nicholson, 2013, p.16). Leadership Thought Development from 1900 – 1970 The thought of leadership evolved from the Great Man Theory to Trait Theory and Behavior Theory. The trait theory focuses on identifying distinctive personality traits and characteristics that are associated to successful leadership.
The theory suggests that the leader should employ critical thinking in solving dilemmas. The application of contingency theory in leadership of country like in Ellen`s case could in this case lead to failure. Presidential position requires the use of advisers who help in making consultations before making a decision (Chapparamani & Jyothi, 2011). This is because the decision made have effects on many people compared to individual decisions.
Contingency theories put forth the idea that the success of a leader hinges on the specific situation at hand. A situation can be proven effective based on the leader or the leadership style attached. The factors that would determine this would include the task, the personality of the leader and the composition of the group that is meant to be led. Its basic assumption is that leadership-success or failure – is situational. There are a number of sub-theories that fall under the general contingency umbrella.
From the mainstream perspective, he has shown different types of leadership. It also includes several theories like trait, skill, behavior, contingency and transformational. Trait theory states that the personality of a person would determine if he or she will be able to lead. In case of Steve Jobs, his personality was radiant and flamboyant. He was confident, committed and charismatic to take any leap or risk with the support of his team and customers to pursue his aspiration (Katzenbach, 2012).
In this regard, leaders and managers can appear at any level of an organisation and are not exclusive of each other (Germano, 2010). Leadership theories identify leaders based upon traits as well as how their influence and power is used to achieve organizational goals and objectives (Germano, 2010). As such, trait based characteristics include leaders such as autocratic, democratic, bureaucratic and charismatic. On the other hand, leadership that is viewed from the perspective of the exchange of power and its utilisation to secure outcomes, are situational, transactional and transformational leaders (Germano, 2010). It is of paramount importance to consider the different types of theories of management and leadership and their potential impact on organizational strategy being that management and leadership plays a vital role in the success of businesses.
The leader will use different powers kept the follows on topic and engage to the goal. The leader/follower situation framework contains the elements: leader, follower, and situation. The framework lays out a way for leaders to learn their role because the leader need to gain power and hold
This paper will examine the three leadership theories, identify how they apply to my practice, and explore how these theories interact with each other. The Trait Leadership Theory is based on the belief that a person is born with special traits contributing to natural leadership abilities. Studies of famous historical leaders have been used to identify various traits for this theory. Although the list of traits differs from study to study, there are five major traits that are consistent throughout most studies.
Out of those, leadership styles and contingency theories dominate the current literature on leadership. There are two major studies on leadership styles
This paper is going to encompass different leadership theories and their relevance to my own personal personality and method of leadership. There will be information on the advantages and disadvantages of the leadership theories and information on each including examples. The purpose of this paper is to view various kinds of leadership theories and apply them to a real-life scenario. Leadership Theories There are quite a few different leadership theories available for people to take information from and use in business settings and even personal settings.
4.2 The Contingency Theories of Leadership. Contingency theories of leadership evolved in response to the failure of ‘universalistic’ approaches to leadership and the realization that the situation in which leadership occurs also impacts leadership effectiveness (House 1996; Keller, 1973; Miner 2011) The basic premise of these theories is that each organisation is unique, and exists in a distinctive environment. Factors such as the organization’s size, scope of work, technology employed as well as the physical and cultural environment, together create ‘contingencies’ or situations that impact the leader’s leadership style.
If the behavior theory can identify the key determinants of leadership, people can actually train to become a leader. This is the premise of the management development plan. There are many different types of behavioural leadership styles. Each style suggests that the leadership role is based on the leaders’ concern for the people being led and the level of achievement that needs to be
Behavioral leadership theories are explaining distinctive styles that used by effective leaders. Contingency leadership theories are explaining the leadership style that appropriate based on the leader and followers situation. Integrative leadership theories are influencing successfully leaders and followers relationship through combining of the trait, behavioral, and contingency theories The management to the leadership theory paradigm is transform autocratic leadership to new style of leadership. Q3.
Management the use of authority inherent in designated formal rank to obtain compliance from organizational members because management positions come with some degree of formally designated authority, a person may assume a leadership role simply because of the position he or she holds in the organization. But not all leaders are manager, nor, for that matter, are all managers’ leaders. Just because an organization provides its managers with certain formal rights is no assurance that they will be able to lead effectively Question 2 What is the difference between trait and behavioural theories? Are the theories valid?