Crude Oil Research Paper

1. For the demo experiment, the balanced chemical equation is as follows: (NH4)2Cr2O7(s)=Cr2O3(s)+N2(g)+4H2O(g). After the lightning of Ammonium dichromate, Chromium (III) oxide was formed while the Nitrogen and Water escaped into the atmosphere in a gaseous phase. Ammonium dichromate((NH4)2Cr2O7) gave rise to Chromium (III) oxide (Cr2O3), Nitrogen Gas(N2) and water (H2O) In terms of microscopic level, the ratio between reactants and products is as follows. One mole of Ammonium dichromate will give rise to one mole of 1 mole of Chromium (III) oxide and 1 mole of Nitrogen gas and 4 moles of Water is gaseous phase.

Hydrocarbons are molecules that only comprise of hydrogen and carbon. The aliphatic hydrocarbons have three groups which are the alkanes, which contain single bonds, alkenes, which contain one double bond, and alkynes, which contain one triple bond. Wax is made from alkanes which means it’s mostly insoluble in water and holds a lot of hydrogen atoms. This goes for oil as well. Mineral oil contains many different hydrocarbons (10 to about 50 carbon atoms).

This occurs because the sample vaporized into the gas phase and is placed into a capillary under controlled temperature and pressure. As the mobile phase and is placed into the capillary under controlled temperature and pressure. As the mobile phase is flowed through the capillary, more volatile compounds should elute first. Accordingly, the alcohol should elute last, preceded by the alkyl halide. For example, in part A the 1-chlorobutane eluted first because it has a lower boiling point of 78°C compare to the boiling point of 1-bromobutane of 101.4 to 102.9°C.

Diatomic molecules are two atoms in the same covalent bonds. Halogens have many different uses. Bromine, Chlorine, and Iodine are three main halogens. Bromine is the only liquid metal that is a halogen. Chlorine is the most abundant halogen.

The crude oil is heated in a tall cylinder called fractionator for at least 350 degC. The process is based on the principle that different substances boil at different temperature. The cyclohexane content of naphtha fraction of crude oil can vary from 0.5 to 5.0 volume %. N-hexane, isohexanes, methyl cyclopentane, benzene and dimethyl pentanes have normal boiling points very close to cyclohexane.1 Advantages: 1. Uses a simple method of cyclohexane recovery.

If the concentration of the H+ ion is greater than the concentration of the OH- ion, the solution is said to be ________. a. Acidic c. alkaline (basic) b. Neutral d. saturated 10. If the concentration of the H+ ion is equal to the concentration of the OH- ion, the solution is said to be ________.

The melting point of sulphur is 112.8 °C and the boiling point of Sulphur is 444.6 °C. Sulphur has an equal number of proton and neutron due to its atomic mass subtracted by the proton/atomic number. Sulphur

2) They are also known as alpha substitution reactions. 2) They are may be known as substitution or elimination reactions. 3) An enol is formed in these type of reactions 3) No enol is formed in these reactions. 4) It is only applicable to those compounds which contain alpha hydrogen. 4) There is no limitation of alpha hydrogen.

The first reason why we think is because when smelling it, it smelled like rubbing alcohol because it was very strong. The second reason is that the class average of 0.77g/cm3 and my individual density of 0.80g/cm3 are either the same or very close to the density of rubbing alcohol, which has a density of 0.80g/cm3. (Mineral oil also has a density of 0.80g/cm, but it is odorless, not like liquid “A”. What is the identity of Liquid B? Explain with evidence.

The best biodegradation efficiency was achieved at temperature 30ºC. Temperature palys an important role in biodegradation by affecting the physical and chemical peroperties of the oil, rate of hydrocarbon metabolism by microorganism and composition of the microbial community (10). Aghamiri (10) and Lin (25) have been reported optimum temperature for biodegradation of crude oil and naphthalene as 30ºC. Das & Chandran (26) reported that highest degradation rates of petroleum that generally occure in the range 30-40ºC in soil environment, 20-30ºC in some freshwater environments and 15-20ºC in marine environments. Although biodegradation of hydrocarbons can happen in a wide range of temperatures, biodegradation rate generally decreases with decreasing temperature (26).