PHANTOM LIMB PAIN: MECHANISM AND TREATMENT APPROACHES INTRODUCTION: The first medical description of phantom limb pain (PLP) as being the pain perceived by the region of the body no longer present was first given by Ambrose pare (1510 – 1590) a French military surgeon. Subsequent studies by Charles Bell (1830),Magendie (1833),Rhone (1842),Gueniot (1861) and other provided detailed description of the phenomenon and in 1871 , Mitchell coined the term ‘phantom Limb’. Phantom limb pain is a common sequel of amputation occurring in up to 80% of people who undergo the procedure. In modern times traumatic amputation originating from Wars and Landmine explosions in all over the world are tragic cause of phantom limb pain in otherwise healthy
Writing to Learn Assignment #4 Phantom Pain Phantom pain is the phenomenon of pain or discomfort derived from one’s amputated limb. This phantom pain illusion is a common sensation felt in about 50-80 percent of amputees. It is often described as being in a distorted position and exhibits a burning or similarly uncomfortable sensation. Even if the sensation isn’t described as painful, patients still report feeling an itch or a twitch where their limb would have been or that their “phantom limb” feels shorter. The most commonly believed theory explaining this phantom limb illusion and the resulting pain is “irritation in the severed nerve endings”.
One habit we learn from In the Brain That Changes Itself, is how scientists respond when two or more scientists disagree. This is particularly seen during Doidge’s, recount of when Merzenich discovered that the accepted view of how the brain forms its maps to understand sensory pulses was completely wrong. Previously accepted was the idea that “each point on the body surface had a nerve that sent signals directly to a specific point on the brain map, anatomically hardwired at birth.” What was also known was that in the healing process of a nerve, the axons get shuffled around and get crossed. An axon is one of three parts of a neuron and that carries electrical pulses at high speeds throughout the body. When these axons crossed it was believed that the sensory pulses would get sent to the wrong part of the brain causing a touch on your index finger to feel like a touch on your thumb.
You wake up in an urgent care facility. Then, you try to reach for something, but you realize that you can not because you are missing you right arm. Later, you develop something called Phantom limb syndrome, people with this condition experience feelings in a limb as if it were still attached to their body. At last, after many years, you find a V.R. technology that can help ease your pain by making it look and feel as if you still have that limb.
Theodule Armand Ribot answers the first question in his theory called the Ribot 's Law which states, that there is a time scale in retrograde amnesia. Ribot explained that a human brain follows a model of memory loss, after a human experiences amnesia. First, a person loses his short term memory. This can be
She showed them writing letters concerning private thoughts that they had. Many journalists also included footage of soldiers after battles had taken place, including the event in which NBC reported on a leg wound of a marine colonel which resulted in the amputation of the leg. These stories had very emotional impacts on the
The other problem we will analyse is phantom limb pain syndrome, which is a pain that can be detected in the area where amputation occurred (as in the case of our patient), and there are some factors that are dangerous such as pain after surgery and amputation and, of course, the bad psychology that our patient may have (Flor, 2002). Phantom limb pain is a phenomenon of mutilation caused by this process and in these cases, can occur in many patients. Some possible ways that can cause phantom limb pain in a patient may be the various nerves that exist in sensitive parts of our body and cause the patient to experience some pain (Ehde, 2000). To improve the phantom limb pain, we can do some action, such as reducing pain. Various ways of treatment
Parkinson's is one of the neurodegenerative diseases and is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s 1. It is reported that in developed countries, nearly one out of 100 people older than 60 years old suffers from Parkinson disease 2. Parkinson is allegedly caused by the damage of brain nerve cells on the substantia nigra. This damage causes the decrease of dopamine in the brain which diminished the ability to regulate the movements, bodies, and emotions 3. The symptoms of the disease include progressive loss of muscle control, slowness of movements (bradykinesia), tremor, postural instability, or catalepsy.
Passive memory makes the person the object of the memory. These memories are triggered through sounds, scents, tastes and other sensual impulses and are normally saved in the subconsciousness. Active memory aligns with the self-image, the identity, of a person while it is deliberately reconstructed (170). Passive memory can never be grasped in its entirety and does not change according
PARKINSON DISEASE AND FAMILY 13 Learning to live with Parkinson’s disease in the family unit: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of well-being By Carlos Orallo Randy Aquiar Olivia Rives Jorge Aquiar Miguel Ramirez MSN5300: Advanced Nursing Inquiry, Research and Evidenced Based Practice Dr. Rose Marie Lewis April 7, 2018 Table of Contents Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 3 Problem Statement………………………………………………………………………….........4 Research Question………………………………………………………………………………..5 Purpose of the Study……………………………………………………………………………...7 Introduction Throughout our time, people has seen many different