1. PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR
1.1. INTRODUCTION
The current chapter will highlight the basic factors governing the financial significances and importances of pharmaceutical industries in Pakistan. It briefly discusses the introduction of pharmaceutical sector in global market vis a vis pharmaceutical sector of Pakistan and its role in economics.
1.2. PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
According to US Fedral Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 2008, Pharmaceuticals are the core that are meant to cure, treat, recognize or prevent diseases and mitigate discomfort through their practical applications. The word pharmaceutical comes from the Greek word Pharmakeia whose modern translation is Pharmacia. The substances of pharma industry includes discovery and research which
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In beginning there was no pharma company in Pakistan thus Indian trader’s imported medicines to Pakistan. But after establishment of two pharma companies under the Pakistan Industrial Development Board (Khurram Chemicals Ltd. near Islamabad and Antibiotics Chemicals Ltd. at Mianwali) the growth of the industry was sustained till 1971 owing the requirement and consumer needs versus population ratio. Thereafter these two pharma companies were insufficient to meet demands owing to consumer ratio. Since 1971-1991, the Government of Pakistan imposed strict registration policies by implementing a Drug Generic Act. But on the contrary the government had given a very relaxed import restrictions policy due to which influx of imported drugs on large scale in the country took place. The pharma industry was basically dominated by Multinational companies (MNCs) who had their monopoly in the medicine sector. This monopoly resulted into a very deplorable scene for pharma industry till 1991. After 1991, a significant growth has been examined in pharma industry because of implementation of a deregulation policy by the government due to which the companies are were given freedom of action. This resulted into export and thus the foreign exchange was increased manifolds as a result of …show more content…
As an industry this company is dedicated to provide patients quality products to help improve their lives. GSK Pakistan collaboration was formed when Beecham, Glaxo Welcome and Smith Kline. All these companies were having a credible name in the pharmaceutical market thus operating as separate entities thought of unifying their efforts to provide best services to people of Pakistan thus were merged in 2002. As an industry leader now it is committed to provide patients quality products to help improve their lives. GSK Pakistan principles are deeply rooted in every function, across the
The outcome of attempting this would make it even simpler to gain a profit in the drug industry. In the author’s opinion, if the process to acquire drugs becomes simpler, then the number of individuals
Nowadays it seems like legal drugs are more expensive than illegal ones. This dilemma occurs because the pharmaceutical industry affects the economy significantly. Although the United States is a mixed market economy, there are instances where the economy seems like a free market economy. A free market economy allows companies to determine the prices of goods free from government intervention. The pharmaceutical industry, despite several regulations set by the food and drug administration, is a free market economy.
Each part explains something different about the drugs and how it has influenced millions of people. The first part is “The Confluence of Psychoactive Resources” and this section helps to explain what was products were part of this new revolution. The second section of the book is called “Drugs and Commerce” and here we get to read about the medicinal value, but also the psychoactive revolution. Then the third part of the book is called “Drugs and Power” and here it explains to us the power of alcohol and drugs.
This revenue due to drugs is significant in comparison to other economic revenues. The Mexican revenue in 2009 for remittance was $21.181 million, tourism was $11.275 million, oil was $30.882 million, and foreign investment was $23.179 million (Que Seria De Mexico). The revenue is outstanding in comparison to the other sources of income for the country. These comparisons show how massive the industry has grown in Mexico and Latin America and how much it affect its economy. The estimated size of the drug business in Mexico is approximately $10 to $15 million (Que Seria De Mexico).
Today many countries try to regulate the numbers of drugs users as many as they can by using the scary promotions and commercials to attract the attention from people, albeit ineffective. Rather than using the outmoded methods, legitimacy should be announced for all drugs in order that the regulation will process more ease for the government. In this procedure, the government can legislate the limitations for drugs consumption and people will be able to understand drug disadvantages profoundly. Therefore, allowing drugs as ordinary substances will abate the drug consumption. The aforementioned issue, in brief, the drugs is a too danger to leave it as it is so it should be legalized.
Each brand must be positioned for its target segment and a single P&G brand cannot have one positioning for all of P&G’s segments. P&G implements multiple sales strategy that means one similar product may have a different brand. This implement may attract more consumers to buy its products. And this essay will introduce the background of P&G. Furthermore, will have some analysis of its situations such as PEST and SWOT analysis.
Every citizen in the United States has individual rights protected by the Constitution. This protection also includes businesses that have gone through the legal process to become a legal entity ; more commonly known as becoming a corporation. Many times these individual rights, protected by the Constitution, conflict with the common good and as history shows, the courts consistently side with the common good when faced with a case that pits these two against each other. Big Pharma are corporations exercising their individual rights to market, and sell their product to consumers. In the process, the common good is suffering.
Johnson & Johnson currently has a 10.4% market share of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing industry. They have the second largest share of this industry, just behind Amgen at 10.9%. By looking at the revenue and operating income for Johnson & Johnson, we can see their margins and evaluate their performance. Johnson & Johnson’s operating profit margin improved from 2015 to 2016 but decreased significantly from 2016 to 2017. The operating profit margin for the company as a whole in 2016 was 28.72% and in 2017 it was 24.07% (Appendix A).
For that reason, is why the we have modern pharmaceutical industry, and the world of patent
INTRODUCTION This assignment is about the study of the effect of agonist and different concentration on guinea pig ileum and it will consist of method, graph results and discussion. Drug is defined as a chemical that has both biological and pharmacological effects on human. Its branch is pharmacology which can be divided into two branches namely pharmacodynamics and pharmaco kinetics. (C. Stephen and W. Robin (2010)) Pharmaco dynamic is about what drug does to the body and pharmaco kinetics is the study of what the body does to the drug.
The goal is to make a lifechanging medication at an affordable price. Also, owning a lot of patents under their name has helped them earn a lot of profits. The Merck company has succeeded in differentiating itself as cost leadership
The number of acquisitions is not so high and it depends more upon the organic expansion. • These pharmacies face informative and predictable risk from the variability of “generic conversion” • Inability of the company to keep stride with the growing private labeled brands popularity. • The in-store implementation of the store formats and services is not consistent at every
Market structures describe the competitive environment in which a firm operates. The characteristics of the market structure will have a major-influence on the competitive strategies and tactics that are implemented by firms. (Octotutor, 2014). For the purpose of this analysis, I have chosen to analyze the Coco-Cola Company, which operates in an oligopoly. This type of market has many implications for both consumers and competing firms.
Many new companies to enter the market without burden of costly tasks such as research and development, clinical trials and manufacturing of drugs. Moreover, patent expiry is one of the reasons which is offering opportunities for lower cost generic manufacturer in terms of greater market access. Additionally, the government has increased their focus on healthcare cost cutting. It is creating pressure on the authority to allow early introduction of low-cost drugs in the
Janssen Pharmaceutica Janssen is one of the world’s leading research based pharmaceutical organisations and is part of the Johnson and Jonson family of companies. J&J is a diverse group of healthcare specialists. Johnson and Johnson was founded in 1886 and is an American pharmaceutical, medical devices and consumer packages goods manufacture. Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, is dedicated to research and development of new drugs against the most important unmet medical needs of this generation, including oncology, infectious disease, neuroscience, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and immunology.