DISCUSSION OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY AND BEHVAIORAL THEORIES 1
Discussion of Phenomenological Theory and Behavioral Theories, why they are appealing, and the possiable limitations in practice that might occur if we were limited to just the two theroies.
Noney M. Martin
Columbia College University
Author Note
Noney M. Martin, Human Services 250 Working With Individuals, Columbia College
Columbia College Moberly, Mo 101 College Ave #231 65270
Contact: nmdmartin2@cougars.ccis.edu
DISCUSSION OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL THEORY AND BEHAVIORAL THEORIES 2
Abstract
This paper explores the phenomenological and behavioral theroies, and the discussion of the possoable limitations in practive that may occure if helpers were limited to just the
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So how do we as helpers know which therory we want to use for the certin situation that is at hand. That can be a very difficult question to answer at times althoughat the same time simple. When helpers come across a “formal” theory of human behavior such as congnitive behavior theory or a systemic theory helpers tend to believe or follow theories that folow
DISCUSSION OF PHENOMENOLGICAL THEORY AND BEHAVIOR THEORIES
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If we as helpers believe that a clients is acting on their present every day life situatuon due to what has happened in their past, we as helpers will be more interested in practing a theory that empasises in helping that client with their past experiences. The main point of Freuds Theory “Phenomenolgical Theory” is to deal with the structure of the clients personality. According to Freud, a human beings personality is made up of three distrinct structure, id, ego and superego found on page (120) of the “Okun/Kantrowitz” text in the book “Hums 250 Working with individuals Columbia College Edition.” The id is though as the clietns “primal urges' things like fufilling the need to eat, sleep and gass on genes to future generations. The main concern of the id for the client to to get immediate gratificate, the id is also located in the unconscious part of the clients mind set. At the infant stace is when the id-driven mindset begins. The reason this mind set begins in the infant stage is due to the fact that babies “infants” are in the stage of their lives where their highest basic needs need to be met inorder for them to be happy and properly develop into healthy human beings. As human beings we all have certin basic needs, some of these needs include things such as love,security, feeling of belonging, and self assertiveness. When we are not able to obtain these needs or are not meeting these needs
Freud’s theory of personality states that the id, ego, and superego
Psychoanalytic Perspective by Sigmund Freud The theorist of choice in this paper is Sigmund Freud. Freud is the father of psychoanalysis, which focuses on the unconscious aspect of personality. The psychoanalytic theory views the human mind as an iceberg, which is mostly hidden in the unconscious (Jones, Ernest, 1957). In other words, the conscious mind is similar to the tip of the iceberg, which can be seen. The unconscious side is mysterious and hidden (Jones, Ernest, 1957).
One of Freud’s theories is that the “Id – Ego combination dominates a person’s behavior until social awareness leads to the emergence of the superego, which recognizes that
Social Learning Theory is different from the Behaviourist Theory as it recognises the significance of cognition, as we are not submissive learners. Cognition includes mental processes used to help us make choices in what we do. We learn through: observation, modelling and indirect and direct reinforcement. Bandura believed that vicarious positive reinforcement is the most common reason for behavior modelling. A strength is that it is less deterministic than the behaviorist approach and can account for cultural differences in behaviour.
Freud’s theory breaks the psyche up into 3 elements: the id, superego, and ego. The id is said to be the most powerful part, and solely unconscious. It controls our basic drives and is demanding and has no regard for morality, rules, or order. The superego is the smallest element of the psyche and deals with ethics and provides standards for the other elements of personality to abide by. Lastly, the ego is the “middle-man” between the id and the superego, as they tend to conflict.
After analyzing the different counseling theories that were discussed thus far, there are two theories that I relate to the most. The two theories that relate to the most are Sigmund Freud’s theory on personality structure and Alfred Adler’s theory on birth order. I would say I relate to Sigmund Freud’s personality structure which is the ID, the superego, and the ego. The reason why I relate to this theory the most is because I believe that this theory is used quite often in our daily lives. According to Seligman and Reichenberg, the ID derives its energy from bodily processes and is in close touch with the needs while the superego is the rigid conscience that internalized the rules and guidelines of a person’s world.
It is known that people with disabilities rarely seek that label themselves, but they are considered one of the most discriminated groups. “They are often segregated from other people, have fewer employment opportunities, earn lower incomes, are less likely to marry, have fewer social relationships and experience fewer community and leisure activities. ”(Davidson, Smith & Burns, 2014) In 2000 Gillman raised the possibility that by the process of giving a learning disability diagnosis it can build the individual as powerless and that “a new and stigmatized social identity is simultaneously made salient for the participant. “ There is research on how mainstream populations feel after taking a cognitive assessment, there is also research on how it affects people with dementia,
Melissa, a 19-year-old college student, is, on the surface, a typical individual. She engages in typical behaviors and for girls her age, including frequent socialization. This paper analyzes Melissa and her past from the perspective of Freud, Adler, Horney, and Erikson, revealing deeper inner mechanics. Freud Sigmund Freud was undoubtedly a major influence on the development of psychology (Wollheim, 1971). Revolutionizing the field of psychology, his perspective, psychoanalysis, proposes a psychosexual stage system of development and structures the psyche around three most critical constructs: the id, shortsighted and operating on the pleasure principle; the ego, constructed by the id and operating on the reality principle; and the superego,
Psychoanalytic Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) is reflected as the forefathers of psychology and founder of psychoanalysis. Based on Freud’s theories, psychoanalytic therapy is a type of treatment that tends to observe at the background from early childhood to perceive if these situations have affected the individual’s life, or to current issues. (Counselling Directory, 2014) This therapy discovers how the unconscious mind empowers thoughts and behaviors, with the purpose of offering insight and resolution to the person seeking therapy. This form of therapy is a long-term treatment whereby it can take duration up to weeks, months or even years depending on the complexity of the patient being explored.
The Id, Ego and Superego make complete sense to any person who might be interests in learning about the Psyche. Freud’s use of the psychoanalytic theory is relevant when explaining my current behaviour in regards to my past experiences that have occurred throughout my lifetime. Freud’s theory does apply to my own life as he made his theory a way to help understand and focus on the behavioural problems of the human being, and to resolve them in a way that forces me to accept my own destructive
The key tenets are five in making the choices on learning. The first one posits that the learning process is not a pure behavioral aspect but a cognitive process that operates within the social context. The implication is that the process is very stable in making the best choices (Ractham, & Chen, 2013). The second tent allows for a learning process that will appreciate the occurrence of observing behavior and the observation allows people to learn about the consequences of the behavior. This defines the vicarious reinforcements that emanate from the observation
Abstract This paper is composed in the hopes of fanning out and delving into various regions of the psychoanalytic approach to therapy, developed by the godfather of psychiatry himself, Sigmund Freud. The origins of psychoanalysis are explored, with its key concepts looked at in detail. A breakdown is given of the main revolutionary theories developed by Freud. The role of the therapist in relation to the client is also explored, and explains just how important this relationship and type of therapy is to the field.
Freud argues that the unconscious molds the personality as it accommodates the id, the ego, and superego (Freud, 1962). Essentially, the id is primitive and is widely believed to already exist at the time of birth. It acts on the pleasure principle, which thrives on hedonism and abstains from pain. However, the id is detached from reality so it can only obtain gratification indirectly such as through reflex actions and mental images (Morris & Maisto, 2013).
Throughout one’s life, it is expected that these archetypal expectations crash with other experiences. This can lead to an internal conflict through the inevitable defenses of the ego. Jung recognized that the ego must be released from these disturbances or 'complexes' as he asserted them in order for individuals to live a full and meaningful life, in which their energy can be put to a more productive use. Jung believed that the best way to bring the unconscious elements into consciousness is by building a trusting and understanding relationship between the client and psychologist. The quality of this relationship ensures the clients comfort so they can openly speak about their problems, providing the necessary support and security to assist the progress of their awareness and self-actualization transformation that will help them overcome what is limiting their psychological wholeness.
(Freud, 1949) Help is provided to the clients to enable them strengthen their EGO and protect it from being in any conflict between their ID and SUPEREGO. This theory is used to rectify the client’s character and their system of personality if found to have issues. The theory aims at making the unconscious, conscious by releasing the repressed emotions and experiences. Psychoanalytic theory also aims at helping clients work through their developmental stages not previously resolved well to solve the problem of fixation.