Term Paper: Chapter 7-10
Sandra Wallace
Policing in America
Montana State University Northern Abstract
Start–here
The Philadelphia Foot Patrol Experiment represented a unique approach to crime prevention through patrol. Discuss how this approach is different from traditional patrol.
“During the summer of 2009, Philadelphia police departments, police and academic researchers worked together to plan the Philadelphia Foot Patrol Experiment as a randomized controlled trial (Katz, C., & Walker, S.).” They used 250 officers to go out and patrol locations with a reputation of high crime. The Goal of the Foot Patrol was to reduce crime in the “Hot Spots” where crime seemed to happen more frequent. Hot Spots usually appeared within the cities,
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With police on foot patrol, they can interact better with the people within the high targeted areas and give them a sense of safety where crime is more likely to happen. Although the foot patrol cannot always fight crime due to their lack of mobility, they can detour crime from happening with their mere presents.
“Violent crime levels spiked in Philadelphia, Pa. As of 2008, there had been more than a hundred shootings within Philadelphia as of 2002 (crimesolutions.gov).” I used to love talking to the police officers who rode on horseback as a child. I honestly feel a lot safer with there being a foot patrol. I feel vehicles are a distraction. You are taught to keep your eyes on the road while driving, so how can you completely pay attention to the surroundings. I feel as though for every crime a police officer driving around spots, he or she could have missed a few potentially dangerous
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Hate crimes are fairly hard to identify unless the suspects are gang related or patterns of behavior and threats have been an issue in the past based on gender, race, etc. (Walker, S., & Katz, C. 2013) Lately there have been many movies and documentaries based on hate crimes against a person’s sexual orientation and race. One movie in particular has been showed in schools and other places to spread awareness is “Boys don’t Cry.” In this movie there is a young female who does not quite feel right in the body she was born with. She had to move frequently because people find out “He is really a she” and cause a lot of problems and threaten her on a daily basis. She moves down south where she identifies herself as a man and falls in love with a woman. “Her” friends find out and killed her and his close friend who tries to stand up for her. The film is very graphic and
I think you might have mixed directed patrol 's definition with proactive policing. Directed patrol focuses on concentrating police presence in area 's where crimes are prevalent, while proactive is where police actively tries to arrest criminals before crimes are committed rather than from receiving an call about a crime. After possibly clearing up any misconceptions about the two kinds of patrols, which would you find the most useful? From your discussion board post, it sounded like you meant that proactive patrol was more effective, is that still the case our have you changed your
This article demonstrates how Bill Bratton, as the Commissioner of the New York Police Department (NYPD) from 1994 to 1996, William J. Bratton fought crime throughout the city of Ney York with legendary achievement, leading a national revolution in attitudes toward policing. Bratton adopted a “broken windows”1 community policing strategy of zero tolerance for minor offenses and championed statistical analysis to prevent crimes before they occurred. In the 70s and 80s, as Bratton continued his career in policing, institutional theories seemed dominant. Nixon’s brand of “tough-on-crime” and “law and order” conservatism meant that community relations were largely ignored by police. In 1982, James Wilson sought to re-establish some balance.
Two friends, Louise (Susan Sarandon) and Thelma (Geena Davis), are to spend a weekend in a cabin, but when Thelma becomes the victim of an attempted rape and Louise shoots the perpetrator they embark on a road trip that takes them deep into a relentlessly patriarchal society. They even find themselves doing things normally associated with male characters in this particular genre, for example armed
According to Gerstenfeld, hate crimes “may or may not include sexual orientation, gender, national origin, physical or mental disability, age, or political affiliation.” Some argue that every group should be protected by hate crime legislation, but this runs the risk of watering down the significance of such protections. The groups that are most frequently targeted by hate crimes including African Americans, gays and lesbians, Jews, and Muslims should be prioritized over other groups. Historically, the most targeted groups in the United States are African Americans, LGBT community, Jews, and Muslims. These groups are undoubtedly in the most need for protections provided by hate crime laws.
The definition of a hate crime is referred to as a “a crime, usually violent, motivated by prejudice or intolerance toward an individual’s national origin, ethnicity, color, religion, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, or disability”. "Hate Crime. Hate crime has existed all through history and are most likely going to exist for a while. When some people wakes up in the morning and began to start their day they don 't even think “ Will I be the victim of a hate crime today” or “Is someone going to attack me today for who I love”. Statistic that from from the the National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs or (NCAVP), say that their data suggests that 20-25% of lesbian and gay people experience hate crimes within their lifetimes this
Thanks to proactive police, which in part is the practice of stop and frisk, murders rate went down practically 80 percent and major felonies close to 75 percent from the early 1990 's to 2013
In their experience, they mentioned when walking the beat, they felt more in touch with the community and better equipped to protect it. They also explained how easy it is to feel like everyone is against you when patrolling in cars. Interacting with the community through walking a beat is one way to encourage effective communication; however, there is far more that can and should be done. To ease civilian worries, law enforcement agencies have been requiring their personnel to wear cameras to document all interactions between officers and civilians. This has lowered the amount of civilian complaints; but, has made police officers feel as if they are always being watched.
Preventive patrol is one of the oldest form of policing. Its purpose is to deter criminal activity by placing a police officer in the view of the general public (Schmalleger, 2014). It is the officers responsibility to keep a diligent eye for any potential criminal activity, and then to intervene if necessary and lawful. This method of policing is often adopted in communities where criminal activity is high (US Legal Definition, n.d.). Deterrence is not the only purpose for this style of policing.
New York: Ferguson, 2007. Print. This book introduces readers to an adventurous career in law enforcement Kronenwetter, Michael. The FBI and Law Enforcement Agencies of the United States. Springfield, NJ: Enslow, 1997.
They have to gather knowledge of the crimes in the area and what the underlying causes of the social problems is. They must create a plan that works to deter crime, and assess the progress of those plans to see if it works or what needs to be changed. Because it is still a newer approach, all departments should (if they already haven’t), create a community policing division that focuses on what is going on in their community around them. Officers need to build trust between themselves and the communities they serve; which means, responding to the calls that are considered “non-emergency. This will help the community not only build trust, but hold the officers more accountable.
Question 1 (page 56): "Do some police departments still engage in “aggressive preventive patrol”? Can you identify any departments that do? Is the New York City zero-tolerance anti-crime program the same thing with just a different name? Find some articles on zero tolerance and examine the similarities." Prior to the late 1960’s and early 1970’s, the main focus of police officers was to prevent any occurrence of misconduct and to apprehend those who take part in this criminal behavior.
The topic for this research proposal project is on community policing, and the factors that are involved in determining if relationships between law enforcement and citizens in these neighborhoods are strained. In order to be successful, community policing must be built on trust, as both civilians and law enforcement must work hand in hand to protect their communities. If there is a lack of trust, then these programs becomes broken, and can therefore lead to other violence and criminal acts. This research proposal project will focus on minority based communities and citizens, where the majority of the citizens are either African American or Hispanic.
Over the past decade, discussions around police reform have been growing, with one of the most controversial topics being the idea of defunding the police. While the issue has become a polarizing one, with different channels and apps showing different sides of the story, it is important to evaluate the arguments and evidence on both sides in order to reach a reasoned conclusion. Opponents of defunding the police argue that taking away money from police departments and training centers is not the answer, and that instead, more funding should be allocated to improve officer training, equipment, and professionalism. They believe that this would lead to better-trained officers who could handle situations with minimal use of force, making it a safer
Community policing also increased more foot patrols and bike patrols which affectively let residents communicate with officers casually and playfully either with words or with a smile. Compared to team policing where instead of seeing a cop on his bicycle smiling and nodding at you in uniform, you as a resident just saw multiple cars going up and down your lane. Team policing was not social at all, officers did not talk to people outside of the business of the incident and that was it. Team policing was overall not effective, it made people not trust the police and did not help build a relationship between police officers and residents. Community policing instead lets officers solve crimes faster and more efficiently because now they have the help of the public.
Possible Solutions Community policing Community policing as defined by Connell, N., Miggans, K., & McGloin, J., (2008), states that it is an ideology where a community will acquire its own law enforcement officials that embody a particular community. These same personalized police officers will be the sole authorities to preform policing duties in their assigned area on a permanent basis. To which they have to work with their partnerships and the community to identify and address the direct circumstances of the issues which bring about to public safety of its citizens. The most important components of community policing include embodiment of the community, partnership and the ability to problem solve (Connell, N., Miggans, K., & McGloin,