Hydrochloric Acid Report

extracts were treated with 2ml of glacidal acetic acid containing 1 drop of ferric chloride solution (0.1%). This was under large with 1ml of concentrated H2 504. A browning of the interface suggest a deoxylsugar characteristics of cardenolodes. A violet ring may appear below the broming, while in the acetic layer, a greenish ring may form gradually though out thin lager. Test for phlobatannin An aqueous extract of the plant sample was boiled with 1% aqeous hydrochloric acid and deposition of red precipate was taken as evidence for the presence of phlobatannins. Test for

Terpenoids 5ml of each extract was mixed in 2ml chloroform, and concentrated H2 504 9 (3ml) was carefully added for form a layer. A reddish brown colouration of the interface was formed to

This was filtered into a 50ml volumetric flask and made up to the mark. Then 5ml of the filtered was pipitted out into a test tube and mixed with 2ml of 0.1M FeC13 in 0.1M

HC1 and 0.008m potassium Ferrocyanide. The absorbance was measured at 120nm within 10min. Saponin determination

The method used was that of Obadoni and Ochuko (2001).

The samples were ground and 20g of each were put into a conical flask and 100cm3 of 20% aqueous ethanol were added.

The samples were heated over a hot water bath for 4 hours with continuous stirring at about 550C. The mixture was filtered and the residue re-extracted with another 200ml 20% ethanol. The combined extract was reduced to 40ml over water bath at about 900C. The concentrate was transferred into a

250ml separatory funnel and 20ml of diethyl ether was added and shaken vigorously. The aqueous layer was recovered while the ether layer was discarded. The purification process was repeated. 60ml of n-butanol was added. The combined nbutanol extracts were washed twice with 10ml of 55% aqueous sodium chloride. The remaining solution was heated in a water bath. After evaporation the samples were dried in the oven