History of Phthalocyanine: Phthalocyanine which is not found in nature is derived from the Greek term for naphtha ( rock oil) and cyanine ( dark blue) [1]. The name was first used by Prof Reginald Linstead of the Imperial College Industry. It’s used as a colorant agent in industry because it’s cheap, robust and has an intense absorption at long wavelength of the visible spectrum. The compound was accidentally discovered in 1907 by Braun and Tcherniac who recorded a highly coloured compound after heating ortho-cyanobenzamide at high temperature. [2,3] In 1927 Diesbach and Von der Weild of Fribourg University, carried out a reflex reaction using ortho-dibromobenzene with cyanide and obtained a blue coloured compound with 23% yield. In 1928 at the Grangemouth plant of Scottish Dyes Ltd a blue-green impurity has formed inside the reaction vessel during the …show more content…
Isoindoline is a heterocyclic organic compound with the molecular formula C₈H₉N and Phthalocyanine has a molecular formula of C32H18N8. Phthalocyanine is part of tetra-pyrollic family and it has nitrogen in all meso-positions[3]. As mentioned before the compound has planar structure with an 18 π-electron system as predicted by Erich Hückel’s theory of aromaticity. The compound has four benzenes with 16 reactive sites because of this aromaticity and the covalent coordination of the central metal the compound is stable. So far, over 5000 of Phthalocyanine compounds have been prepared.[1] Thousands of tons of Phthalocyanine is produced annually, and used as colouring agent in photographic, plastics, printing and textile industries.[2] Copper Phthalocyanine is the most commonly used colorant in manufacturing as it gives more distinct shade.
The sunset yellow dye had a faster and more linear reaction time than allura red; this could be caused by incorrect dilutions of the dye and
The discovery was made in Uppsala, Sweden. Later in 1810, Sir Humphry Davy made the decision that Chlorine was in fact a chemical element. He gave it the name “Chlorine” from the Greek word “chloro” meaning greenish-yellow. (Appelman 516) Chlorine that can be found in nature is only found in compounds.
The crude tetraphenylnaphthalene in a 25-ml Erlenmeyer flask and dissolved in boiling isopropyl alcohol (12 ml). The solution was cooled to room temperature and further cooled in an ice bath for 30 minutes. Crystallization of colorless crystals occurred. The product was collect in a Hirsch funnel and washed with isopropyl alcohol. The solid was left to dry over the weekend.
These color changes indicate a chemical change, which show that a reaction had occurred. In the first step when o-vanillin and p-toludine, imine was formed. The color change from green to orange suggests that imine appears as orange colored. In the second step, the addition of sodium borohydride reduced the imine into another derivative, which was yellowish lime color. The solution turned clear when acids and anhydrides was added, which indicated the precipitate were dissolved.
Phentemine375 uses a combination of cyclic AMP enzyme boosters such as , 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine, and a Sympathomimetic Amine, LongJack Tongkate ALI,Capsaicin-1.12, l-carnitine to get the job done. Each of the five main ingredients are highly refined and produced in a pharmaceutical environment. This provides you with the strongest and purist product humanly possible to produce. These pharmaceutical grade compounds go to work instantly to burn away large amounts of body fat forcing your body into high gear even when it wants to slow down. Manufacture Phentemine375 is produced in FDA pharmaceutical registered labs.
Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to identify given Unknown White Compound by conducting various test and learning how to use lab techniques. Tests that are used during this experiment were a flame test, ion test, pH test, and conductivity test. The results drawn from these tests confirmed the identity of the Unknown White Compound to be sodium acetate (NaC2H3O2) because there were no presence of ions and sodium has a strong persistent orange color. The compound then will be synthesized with the compounds Na2CO3 and HC2H3O2 to find percent yield.
Born on April 13, 1961 Robert William Fisher was born to a single mother in Brooklyn, New York. The struggles of a single parent caused Robert to experience a troubled childhood, which trickled over to his adulthood. Trying develop a better life for his family, he became a surgical technician, which paid for his schooling to become a respiratory therapist. Even with the support of his wife, life became difficult due to substance abuse. The drug of choice was crack cocaine, classified as a tertiary amine, which has three carbon atoms bonded directly to the nitrogen atom and general formula is R3N (Johll pg.
Nevertheless, the latter is not used in this experiment since it is very reactive and extremely flammable. On the contrary, NaBH4 is relatively mild and it can be used with protic solvents. In this manner, 1.507 grs of the ketone 9-fluorenone were mixed with 30.0 ml of 95% ethanol in a 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask. The bright yellow mixture was stirred during 7 minutes until all the components were dissolved.
The possible explanations and changes to make are similar to the previous questions. Conclusion and Future Experiment 18. The identity of the product and unknown were 4-tert-butylbenzyl phenol ether and tert-butyl phenol respectively. The key to making this discovery was the melting point and TLC results!
Doxycycline Erythromycin Aside from antibiotics, there are many antidiarrheal medicines out there that have been developed. V cholerae: Treat infected individuals and contacts. Doxycycline is the first-line antibiotic, and erythromycin is second-line antibioti By decreasing duration of diarrhea and stool volume D. Prevention There are several precautions and preventative measures to be taken to prevent the spread and decrease the risk of contracting Cholera.
Friedrich Wöhler accidentally synthesized urea in 1828. He was attempting to synthesize ammonium cyanate by treating silver cyanate with aqueous ammonium chloride. After analyzing the white powder that was created, he realized that it was urea, a component of urine. Prior to this discovery, it was commonly believed that you could not create an organic compound from inorganic elements. Wöhler’s accidental discovery proved you could.
Reichstein found a mineral containing Tellurium and gold. If you burn tellurium it makes a greenish-blue
Bilirubin yellow is changed to biliverdin green by the oxidation of ferrycianide at 480/600 nm
Hair color was created around 1907. By Eugene Schueller who was credited for the first permanent and commercial hair dye, he called it L’Oreal. A few decades later Lawrence Geld a New York chemist developed a hair color that penetrate the hair shaft. In the 50’s he further
Trypan Blue Dye Enters The Viable Cells Incubated with the Pore-Forming Toxin Hlyll of Bacillus cereus. PLoS One 6(9). Yip, D., Auersperg, N. 1972. The dye exclusion test for cell viability: Persistence of Differential staining following fixation. In Vitro 7(5): 323-329.