Plagiarism In Literature Review

The term plagiarism is so much complex and controversial in its nature (Carroll, 2007, 13; Bouman, 2009), and various debates are held on the topic. Subsequently, some renowned researchers have argued that plagiarism does not exist in recent technological era (Smith, 2006). On the other hand, in academic world, academic honesty and deference of intellectual property are zones of considerable importance all over the world (Nazir, Alam and Nawaz, 2011). And studies have shown that academic dishonesty and disrespect to intellectual property depends upon of students’ perception (Marshall and Garry, 2005). Plagiarism is using work of others for personal benefits which breaks the principles of academic integrity (Quah, 2012) and disrupts other

Plagiarism is a widespread and continuously growing practice in academia. Plagiarism is an increasing phenomenon (Flint et al; Hayes & Introna, 2010), which is fabricated amid of academic culture (Quah, 2012). However, contemporary researches available on this phenomenon are western oriented and represent practical knowledge rather theoretical knowledge. Western societies are individualistic societies having an analytical world view based on rational decisions and rules and regulations and emphasizing on whether something is appropriate and fitting while eastern societies are collectivistic societies having a holistic worldview based on relationships based on norms and values (Koul, 2008). However, these definitions presented below might be conceptualized in Western context

Plagiarism is not a new phenomenon in academia but it started from mid-18th century prior to emergence of copyright law, wherever it was a concern of writers to save their writings in their authority (Flint et al, 2006). In addition, by mid-18th people’s perception started changing about plagiarism and they started thinking about plagiarism as a literary theft. (Quah, 2012). The first English copyright law was passed in 1709 (Vinod et al, 2011). This concept was applied on the Statute of Anne in 1710 in Britain, which was the first statute owing protection of copyright of writers and publishers. The copyright law was established in all the Britain colonies comprising Hong Kong, India, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and United States (Yang, 2014). The legitimate western treatise played a major role in implementation of plagiarism policies in organizations. It also set the framework of managing plagiarism in academia provoking criminal law penalties for this offense. Those policies have been administrating teachers’ practices for a long time (Yang,