Integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) into Cognitive Dissonance Theory Making decisions and following through with them is not always easy; in fact, various industries exist to help people combat these difficulties. The dieting industry promises diets that are easy to stick to, and certain tech companies develop new applications to help us manage our time and follow through with plans. Moreover, the nuances of decision-making have prompted the growth of fields in psychology that are dedicated to developing theories that explain how we make decisions and their relation to our attitudes, relationships, and circumstances. For example, cognitive dissonance theory explains how post-decision dissonance can influence our behavior and attitudes …show more content…
The researchers wanted to examine the justifications that the participants made when intention and outcome was incongruent. Consequently, they found that in the intention-outcome inconsistent group, the participants overestimated secondary factors such as the straightforwardness of the test questions as factors in the outcome. Therefore, showing that individuals might underestimate their perceived control in order to decrease dissonance causes by intention-outcome inconsistency. Interestingly, this was similar to my own experience as well; on the days where I intended to eat healthy but did not behave accordingly, I overestimated situational factors while underestimating my own control. For instance, I would overstate situational factors such as time, stress, or other commitments in order to convince myself that I had never originally intended to follow through with my plans. And these findings are not completely dissimilar to findings about other people’s habits regarding healthy
Ethan’s agreement that death is better than parting is an example of cognitive dissonance that directly affects the plot of the novel. Cognitive dissonance is best described as an inconsistency in the beliefs that one holds, which is prominent in the thoughts as opposed the actions taken by Ethan. He is essentially given an ultimatum when Zeena threatens to fire Mattie; Ethan must make the decision to act upon his desires without the benefit of time as he had once thought he had. Before this is thrust upon him, he has the general cognition that he should not pursue Mattie. This is evident in his lack of action during their dinner without Zeena.
Social psychology is essentially the study of how human beings interact, behave and think around others. It is rooted in explaining the various different experiences we face each day in our social lives. Nowadays, film-makers try to depict these psychological phenomena in their movies to make them realistic. One such movie stars Emma Stone, an Oscar winner playing the role of Olive in the film “Easy A”. The film in short describes the high school life of a chaste girl, Olive, who conforms to peer pressure and starts lying about her sexual behavior in order to maintain a certain reputation as well as to help out her troubled friends.
PSY 108 - Psychology Unit 5 Assignment Explain the ways in which culture and gender contribute to sexual behavior and expectations about that behavior. 75 Points Grading Rubric: Required Discussion Elements Point Value Thorough explanation of ways culture contributes to sexual behavior and expectations 20 Thorough explanation of ways gender contributes to sexual behavior and expectations 20 Proper citation of the material. 15 No spelling or grammar errors.
Texas A&M International University Autobiography: Through Psychological Lens Term Paper Emily Castaneda PSYC-2301-207 Professor Garza April 17, 2023 Abstract The complexity of understanding oneself is a lifelong journey. Two of my most interested topics in psychology are human development and personality theories.
We all find difficuly making choices, especially when our ideas conflict with those of others. When shopping online, I often hestitate for a long time if what I would like to buy receives negative remark from other customers. However, sometimes we are more likely to make right decisions if we stick to our own ideas. From US history, one can see how this statement proves to be true. Willia Loyld Garrison, the editor of 'the liberator ' , never abandoned his determination as an abotionlist.
In her article, “What Fear Can Teach Us,” Karen Thompson Walker discusses how our anxieties can control our decisions. Walker states that
Mischel believes that cognitive factors govern how people will respond to environmental forces. He started a study of delayed gratification in the late 1960s. Delayed gratification is one’s ability to abstain from instant but less-desirable outcomes in favor of deferred by more desirable outcomes. The study explored children’s self-control or willpower by use of a simple yet effective experiment. The study was useful in demonstrating the importance of the ability to delay gratification.
Picking one’s lottery ticket numbers can lead one to believe they have control over uncontrollable events, and superstitious beliefs are a false sense of control. Not taking control of things you actually can; like getting screened for cancer, is controllable. The planning fallacy is when we overestimate how much time it will take to complete a project or task. We are better allowing more time for the task rather than not meeting a deadline. Optimistic bias affects one’s judgment because the person believes they are at a lesser risk to a negative event than
Derek also provides an example of Hypothesis 2: Post decision dissonance creates a need for reassurance. Festinger defines post decision dissonance as “ strong doubts experienced after making an important decision” (Griffin, et al). Derek experiences strong post decision dissonance after leaving the Aryan Brotherhood. When he leaves one of the members tells him that he will be punished. This causes dissonance within Derek, he wonders if he made the right decision, and he feels regret almost.
Cognitive dissonance is the sense of mental disorganization or imbalance that may prompt a person to change when new information conflicts with previously organized thought patterns. The text states, “The incompatibly between your behavior and your new knowledge will make you feel uncomfortable” (381). I have experienced cognitive dissonance when preparing for an exam. For instance, I will not study or not study as well as I should for a test. Then when I receive my test back or my score is posted, I realize that I really should have studied a lot harder.
Cognitive dissonance can impact attitudes and behavior in the workplace by causing a disruption of environmental cohesion. “This produces a feeling of discomfort leading to an alteration in one of the attitudes, beliefs or behaviors to reduce the discomfort and restore balance etc.” (McLeod, 2014). There will always be difficult situations in the workplace, but it is how you adapt in those situations that will determine the outcome to be positive or negative.
Aggression is a spoken or physical behavior that causes intentional harm to a person. There are many different theories that argue what the cause of aggression is but this can be divided into two major types: people who think that aggression is inborn and those that view it as a learning behavior. The Social cognitive theory states that we learn behaviors through observation and modeling and this could be implied that we learn aggressive behaviors through observing and imitating others. The Social Cognitive theory claims that people learn behaviors from observation, modeling, and motivation such as positive reinforcement. Psychologists mention that people learn behaviors by imitating models through observational learning; as well as through
Therefore, finding an explanation through psychology, for the different specific reactions that human beings exhibit is important. Social psychology is an important sector of psychology that takes interpersonal relationships into consideration. Over the years, many theories have been developed to aid in explaining human behavior, especially ones that administer social experiences. The main focus of this assignment is the analysis of the cognitive dissonance theory in social psychology. Cognitive dissonance theory attempts to explain the human behavior through cognition, in which individuals always look for stability in their attitudes and behaviors (Festinger, 1985).
Cognitive dissonance refers to a “feeling of discomfort resulting from inconsistent attitudes, thoughts, and behaviors” (West