This section describes work on producing a user-defined plastic hinge model of RC frame members which then applied to PA modeling. User-defined plastic hinge model of RC frame members is derived from a moment-curvature curve. This curve is obtained by conducting the cross-sectional analysis of RC column or beam. A cross section has two types of material which are concrete and reinforcement bars (longitudinal and ligature or stirrup bars). The concrete cross-section is separated based on the confinement condition which is confined (inner or core part) and unconfined concrete (outer part). For simplicity, the area of concrete is not reduced by the area of the longitudinal reinforcement bars. The unconfined concrete was separated into the left, the right, the top and the bottom sides as presented in Figure 4.16. In defining this moment-curvature curve, Microsoft Excel application was employed. Although SAP2000 has been facilitated with default plastic hinge models, Inel and Ozmen [2006] advises applying a user-defined plastic hinge model in order to obtain a reasonable PA output. Many experimental works of cantilever columns under lateral and axial load had been conducted by …show more content…
If from the experimental test, information for y and v are not available, they are assumed as 200,000 Mpa and equal to y, respectively. The XY is determined by y, where h = 1.8% as suggested by (Reference). The experimental tests conducted by Wu [2002] shows that the maximum strain is 0.1 then this value is chosen as y. In addition, the maximum re-bar strain 0.1 allows the strain of the confined concrete develops beyond the peak strain. The re-bar yield strain is determined as = /Es. According to Scott and Fenves, the strain hardening modulus elasticity is 1% of Es. According to Belarbi and Hsu [1994] the strain hardening value range from 1.8-2.5% of Es. According to Zhao et al. [2012] the strain hardening value range from 0-5% of
How Do I Know I Need Windshield Replacement? You may think a small nick in your windshield doesn 't warrant replacement, but some chips can turn into a big problem down the road. Besides, damage to your windshield can cause glare and other concerns that impede your vision. In addition, many states enforce laws that require windshield glass that is free from blemishes, including nicks or chips.
Tittle Zoe VanLeeuwen October 24th 1910 Triangle Factory Searching these past few weeks on problems found in the Triangle Factory has been horrifying. The stuff I found uncovered that working in this factory is dangerous. It is time people actually learn the brutal conditions these people face. It needs to stop. One problem that stood out to me was the lack of fire safety prevention.
Composite doors in Greasby are worth considering as replacement doors for your house. These doors are highly regarded for their strength, durability and good looks! A composite door is made of a range of materials, instead of a singular material such as wood or upvc, that have been chosen specifically for their beneficial properties. It is typically made from a combination of materials such as PVC, wood, insulating foam and GRP (glass reinforced plastic).
In the 40s Marie really enjoyed musicals. She remembers South Pacific and Oklahoma being her all-time favorites. Both South Pacific and Oklahoma was based on a love stories. South Pacific focused on the difficulties of being in a relationship during World War II and Oklahoma is about the main character being torn between two men. As a child Marie loved Marry Poppins.
center-to-center. The first confinement hoop set for the testing region, Hcr, was spaced at 1.125 in. from the center (i.e., mid-height) of the confined concrete column corresponding to a center-to-center spacing, s, of 2.25 in. between the confinement hoop sets in the testing region. A total of 10 confinement hoop sets were used in the testing region.
Consider An Impact Resistant Door When You Buy Your New Entry Door If you need to buy a new entry door for your home, you should consider buying one that will protect your home from danger. Impact doors are very sturdy and stand up to strong winds and intruders. Here are some things to know about these doors. Impact Doors Can Withstand Hurricane Force Winds These doors are made to stay standing even in very high winds.
Assignment 2 CVE80006 Infrastructure Deterioration Modelling Concrete Crack Diagnosis Assignment The phenomenon of cracking in concrete may depend on several factors such as the amount of loading, rate of bleeding, amount of stress and strain generated in concrete, the composition of concrete and method of fabrication. The cracking of concrete has become severe due to advance construction process which demands high strength structure requiring an increase in stress, strain, and deflection resistance. The cracks in concrete are mainly classified as structural crack and non-structural crack.
(150.22g/mol)(3.5 x 10^-3 mol of nucleophile) = 0.525 g Actual yield = 0.441 g, Percent Yield = (0.441g/0.525g) x 100% = 84% 10. Percent recovery from recrystallization = (0.172g/0.441g) x 100% = 38% 11.
Glass sex toys are very different and versatile to your average plastic or rubber sex toys, the difference being that glass sex toys can be heated or chilled for a very different sensation, that can't be achieved with your average sex toy, and believe me when I say that it can make for a very pleasurable experience. What makes Glass sex toys so great... You can heat your glass sex toy by simply submerging it in a basin or container filled with hot water, how hot or warm you want it will depend on how long you leave it in the hot water for. Once you've got it at the temperature that suits you, you're ready to use it. The heat of the glass sex toy is an incredible feeling, when either, just using it just for clitoral play or inserting it, and makes for an amazing climax.
The final product weight for percent yield was only the solid E product, which missed one half of the final product produce. If both products were weight, the percent yield would have been larger that it was. Instead of 22.33%, it could have been 44.66%. To prove that both products were obtained, but only one of the two products was analyze, a TLC plate of the DCM layer, that contains both products, and of the final product, was obtain.
I had first formal exposure to civil engineering in course “Architecture 1”. This course provided me the fundamental concepts of civil architectural principles such as designing procedure, architectural component’s layouts, functional spaces as well as environmental impacts. To strengthen my concepts I pursued the courses “Strength of Materials”, “Structural Mechanics” which gave me essential knowledge about the external and internal forces occuring in simple structural elements under action of various types of loading as well as fundamental concepts in structural analysis such as modellisation, classification of structures. I gained valuable exposure to the analysis of simple structures submitted to compound loadings by the application of the principle of superposition for such cases as: unsymmetric bending, combined bending and tension or compression, combined bending and torsion, general compound loading. Futhermore, I was fascinated by the force method and displacement method for analysis of statically and kinetically indeterminate structures.
The recent production of stage door by the Clements theatre is about a group of actresses in New York who live under one roof. Many of these players are broke only making enough money to pay their rent and for some basic food. Later in the play one of the actresses kills herself as she has no one to go back to and is in dept. this shocks all the actresses. A year passes and some of the actresses get opportunity to go to Hollywood but ultimately most stay for the love of theater claiming the stage to be the “illegitimate son of the stage”
Within my set I made many stylistic choices to accomplish a modern take with Greek influences such as using a modern door (1), columns with vines (2), the shape of the pool (3), lattice with vines (4), and curtains (5). Modern Door (1): The main purpose behind using a modern door is to present a known object to the audience (the ideal door is shown to the right). Using a modern door would help the audience recognize its purpose and would also help the audience relate to the characters as audience members use doors every day. One of the benefits with using a modern door instead of an archway, or none at all, maintains the separation between the humans and the gods.
Table 1: 2024T351 Specimen Experimental Data The experimental ultimate tensile strength of 65,507.15 Psi is relatively close to the typical tensile strength of 64,000 Psi with 2.35 percent error. The experimental young's modulus of 10,644,380 Psi is close to the standard elastic modulus of 10,600,000 Psi with 0.42 percent error. Using the graphs, the yield stress was found using a 0.2% offset. The yield stress was found to be about 50,000 Psi, far from the standard 42,000 Psi. This resulted in a 19.05 percent error.
Though the topic is very vast, so all minor facts and points are not possible to be covered. LIST OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. TYPES OF BRIDGES 2.1 BASED ON STRUCTURE 2.1.1 BEAM BRIDGE 2.1.2 TRUSS BRIDGE 2.1.3 CANTILEVER BRIDGE 2.1.4 ARCH