Gaius Plinius Secundus known to future generations as Pliny the Elder was born in 23 or 24 CE in Comum. Comum is part of the Roman Empire, which we know today as Lombardy, Italy. What Pliny contributed most out of his life is his book Naturalis Historia, which covers almost every field of nature during the Roman era. There is not much history about Pliny the Elder’s family, we do know that he had a sister Plinia and his father was a member of the equestrian class. In the Roman Empire there were tiers to their society, the equestrian class sometimes called “knights” in modern times was the second tier, after the senators (Lendering). As a result of his family’s stature, Pliny was able to study well while in Italy and in his early 20’s in Rome.
In 45 CE Pliny began to serve for the Roman Empire military where he rose up the rankings quickly. While serving in the military, Pliny also could be regarded as a historian and a naturalist (McCarthy). This aspect of his life is what makes Pliny important to modern-day science. He wrote many books, but the one that lasted through the ages is called Naturalis Historia, which is the first encyclopedia type book covering the physical universe, geography, anthropology, biology, mineralogy,
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Unfortunately, Plinia’s husband died soon after the birth. Pliny adopted the boy and renamed the boy after himself, known as Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus; we regard him as Pliny the Younger (Lendering). Pliny the Younger would be raised and educated in Pliny’s Roman home. Much of what we know of Pliny the Elder comes from the writing of Pliny the Younger. Soon after the birth of Pliny the Younger a civil war broke-out and the Romans had to fight for their empire and side civil wars were still happening. Some believed at this time Pliny met back up with Titus. In 69, Titus became the new Roman Emperor and Pliny was able to become a procutator, which would take him too many
In Ancient Rome, noble families grew tiresome of their kings’ have hasty behavior. Due to this, they revolted in 509 BCE, establishing the creation of the Roman Republic. The Republic was not strong enough to withhold the force that accompanied influential men and that led the creation of an Empire. The Roman Republic fell into crisis because of the internal unrest provoked by various leader’s reckless behavior and greed.
Agrippina the Younger’s role during the Claudius’ principate was quite simple, she was to establish a familial connection between Claudius and both the Julian and Claudian linage. The commonalities between Claudius and Agrippina resulted in a beneficial relationship that allowed her influence to increase. By being the great granddaughter of Augustus, Agrippina held a powerful position which helped legitimise the reign of Claudius, hence she was given the title Augusta with her official name on coins and inscriptions as Iulia Augusta, which conveyed the notion of being an empress. Consequently, this enforced his position as princeps, especially persuading the senate which doubted his ascension to emperor. Because of her power and influence, Agrippina had a positive relationship with the senate which brought stability between them and Claudius, thus she was given the right to use the carpentum at festivals, as well as to sit in the senate itself and discuss various matters--
With most of his personal life shrouded in mystery, Claudius Ptolemy’s life stories and travels are shrouded in mystery, with only a few key details to work off of. On the other hand, there are plentiful amounts of data about his achievements, books, and countless other legacies. Ptolemy was mostly acknowledged for The Algamest, a book that contained countless maps and observations about astronomy, and the solar system. Even though a bit of the book was flawed, considering he thought that our solar system was geocentric, there were many ideas about planetary motion that other astronomers found breathtaking. His other works were also meticulously detailed, and some of which will be discussed in further detail in the next few paragraphs.
He also used his intelligence to gain understanding across many different areas such as art. Vesalius’ family background, universal
Cicero came from a wealthy family was a consul in the year 63 B.C. He supported the democracy and did not trust Caesar and his desire for power (Cornine et al. 248-249). Caesar's dictatorship lasted only a year because he was assassinated by members of the senate (Biography.com
Alexander the Great and Julius Caesar were two highly important men in the history of the world. In Greek and Roman Lives, the historian Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus, better known as just Plutarch, wrote about the lives of these two great men. He wrote of how their surroundings and the people around them influenced them, and how that affected their success in their plans to reach some form of eternal glory in their desire to become greater than those who came before them. They were both extremely ambitious, quick to fight, and careless of danger on the path to glory.
But the closest approximation is around 100 B.C.E. Julius Caesar’s family was apart of the Roman aristocracy. He died around 44 B.C.E. He was murdered by a group of “60 influential Romans” and was stabbed “23 times” with a dagger when he entered a “senate chamber” (Knight). His assassination was planned by his “friends” “Brutus and Cassius” and the famous line “Et tu?
The world of literature offers many different works; some may offer similarities while there are differences between others. There are more similarities than differences between Odysseus and Oedipus. Two great examples of literature is the tragic play “Oedipus the King”, written by Sophocles and “The Odyssey”, an epic poem written by Homer who were both Greek poets. Both poets’ work shows similar examples of life altering changes that were ultimately controlled by the Greek gods.
Firstly, the issue noted above that we do not know the order of the Parallel Lives, makes interpretation difficult because we therefore can’t understand how Plutarch’s themes developed and interacted with each other throughout the entire series. This is an issue in Life of Marius because of how singularly negative Plutarch is about Marius, to the point where it has been noted as his most critical work on any character. Secondly, the genre of biography itself and its focus on character rather than fact, inherently suggests that Plutarch may exaggerate some events and omit others, in order to communicate his lessons on morality. For example, Plutarch is far more descriptive of political events in which Marius can be portrayed as immoral and ambitious. However, he says little on the political platform on which Marius ran for consulship, and downplays the political acumen Marius, as a novus homo, or even if he had been nobilis, must have had to gain consulship for 6 straight years.
The Senate decided this was an opportunity for Pompey to take charge although many Senators became concerned of what may result in giving one man so much power. They had such reason to fear this as in 70BC a joint consulship was elected by the Popular Assembly between Pompey and Marcus Licinius Crassus, an extremely wealthy Roman general and politician. Although Sulla had in place, laws to prevent Pompey reaching such office at such a young age (34), Pompey’s overwhelming popularity easily overcame these obstacles and held no reason to pass through normal stages of office. The joint consulship of Crassus and Pompey was one of the most crucial political developments in the fall of the Roman Republic. It allowed for laws to once again be changed including restoring the power of tribunes.
Cleopatra’s story was told in many ways, but the best found was written by a historian named Plutarch, who lived about a century after Cleopatra. Cleopatra was born in 69 B.C. Although her family ruled Egypt, Cleopatra was Macedonian Greek. She became queen of Egypt at eighteen years old in 61B.C. She led Egypt with her younger brother Ptolemy XIII, who was ten. She did not get along well with her brother, and they started a civil war in Egypt.
They made up the majority of the working class (Plebeians). They were excluded from the senate and all other public offices (The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica). They had very little individual control, but due to the plebeians’ large number in ancient Rome, though, together they were a force to be reckoned with (Plebeians). This explains why Brutus was so steadfast to talk to the plebeians before Mark Antony was to speak in Act 2, Scene 1. It also clarifies why Cassius was so against Mark Antony speaking to the plebeians in the same scene.
Sometimes while writing a historical fiction, events become more factual than fictional. A perfect example of this happening in a historical fiction, is the book Pompeii by Robert Harris. Pompeii takes place in 79 AD during the days prior to the destructive eruption of Mount Vesuvius which destroyed all of the Roman town Pompeii. The location of the book are the cities or towns that surround the Aqua Augusta, such as Misenum and Pompeii. Harris’s exceptionally descriptive anecdote of the events leading to the volcanic eruptions implores readers to wonder if some of the events in this fictional story could have actually happened.
Critic Northrop Frye claims that tragic heroes “seem the inevitable conductors of the power about them… Conductors may of course be instruments as well as victims of the divisive lightning.” A perfect example of this assertion would be King Oedipus in the classical tragic play “Oedipus Rex,” written by Sophocles, where Oedipus, himself, becomes the victim of his doomed fate. As someone who was born and raised of royal blood, he becomes too proud and ignorant, believing that he was too powerful for his fate. Using the metaphor “great trees [are] more likely to be struck by lightning than a clump of grass,” Frye compares the heroic but unfortunate Oedipus to the great trees as they both are apt to experience victimization of tragic situations
It is shown in ancient Rome that women have less ability than men to hold business application, political and warfare position. In the epic history of Rome, written by Titus Livius, known as Livy, he refers that women “cannot partake of magistracies, priesthoods, triumphs, badges of office, gifts, or spoils of war; elegance, finery and beautiful clothes are women’s badges, in these they find joy and take pride, this our forebears called the women’s world.” . This shows that the importance of women in Rome 's society was based on beauty and giving luxuries life, and public positions are not women 's badges. By doing that, they changed their focus to be only based on what they get from their husbands or males in their families. However, men were regarded as noble and superior so that they are esteemed for higher places in politics and