Pneumonia Case Study
Determinants of Pneumonia in children Indonesia study case
Introduction
Pneumonia commonly is caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae ,Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and some strains of respiratory virus like influenza, parainfluenza, and adenovirus (NCID, 2005). This disease in children is characterized by cough with difficult or rapid breathing and chest indrawing. (Wardlaw et al, 2006)
Pneumonia contributes greatly for children death below 5 year in the world. Figure 1 describes that more than 10 million children in the world die before they reach their fifth birthday. Approximately 2.6 millions children younger than 5 years die annually from Pneumonia, most of them in the low income country.(Phares, 2006)
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Indonesia Health Profile 2005
To reduce of pneumonia death, Indonesia and Nepal are the first country in the South-East Asia implicating Integrated Management of Child Illness and the Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) control program in children under five years of age in every Primary Health Centre.(WHO Regional, 1997 ) . By using these strategy, ARI focal point program is to find pneumonia among children early. Estimated, Pneumonia case among children below 5 year is around 10-20% each year (MoH RI, 2002).
In this paper, we will discuss several determinants of Pneumonia in Indonesia and analyze the relationship between Pneumonia and its various determinants. The determinants are categorized into environmental, socio economic, socio politic, biologic, woman education, behavior, nutrition, and Health Care organization determinants.
Methodology
On writing this paper, we will analyse data based on review of literature from WHO, Indonesia Health Services publication, and others pneumonia research journal.
Search strategy: PubMed, WHO, Google, and KIT library.
Key Words: Pneumonia, Indonesia, Acute Respiratory Infections, environment, health child development, IMCI, and
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