Politeness And Negative Politeness

Brown and Levinson (1987: p.61) define politeness as: "something that is emotionally invested, and that can be lost, maintained or enhanced, and must be constantly attended to in interaction." (Kazerooni and Shams, 2015, p. 197) According to Brown and Levinson (1987:60) “Bald on record strategy is used to minimize the threat of the hearer’s face. It seems that the speaker in this strategy makes the hearer feels uncomfortable when they are speaking. Positive Politeness strategy seeks to minimize the threat to the hearer’s positive face. It is a strategy of speaking which uses a metaphorical extension of intimacy to imply common ground or sharing of wants to be a limited extent. It is used to make the hearer feels good about himself, his interests or possessions. It is usually used in situations where the audience knows each other very well. Negative politeness strategy is oriented towards the hearer’s negative face and emphasizes avoidance of imposition on the hearer. This strategy uses indirect language and removes the speaker from the potential to be imposing. It is also called an indirect way of saying something which may cause a face damaging interpretation. (Ramadhani, 2014, p. 106) Ramadhani (2014) aims to explore the types of politeness strategies and also want analyze the distinctions of politeness strategy used by Javanese male and female or by diverse sex and to perceive how the politeness strategies imply in the culture of indirectness. In the culture