Western social and political philosophers, since its early stages, in the writings of Plato and Aristotle, have been chiefly disturbed with a set of essential questions about the nature of power and political responsibility, the idea of freedom and its appropriate restrictions, conceptions of the just and good society, and the best form of rule. These evils of course happen when the professed interests of individuals, groups, or institutions came into clash, mainly in the times of general social change and political unsteadiness when people became more and more aware of new potential. Folks, groups, or nations will demand more autonomy, appreciation of human rights, superior justice in the allocation of commodities, or a better share in political …show more content…
He methodically explored the Indian civilization and its theoretical systems in an exceptional method. He developed political concepts like democratic system, fairness, state and civil rights from his thoughtful of Indian the social order and the performance of its institutions on the ethical foundation. He is very vital of the establishment of caste, which influences all the spheres of individual's existence and the Indian culture as an entire. He promote discusses how a person to society and how individual's liberty is restricted by other communal forces. He is critical of dictatorial Hindu communal arrange and argued in favor of self-governing civilization. He probed into the ethical and communal basics of India and gave innovative sense to the lives of underprivileged community. His was a motivation move toward. Reason plays a function in his writings and speeches. The style he worn is very logical to a certain extent tentative. He was influenced by the assumptions of modernity. He is well well-versed in many areas of Indian economics, religion, and origin of caste, history, polity, culture, anthropology and philosophy . He speech marks many thinkers in his writings those who are influenced him. He was influenced by the thoughts of John Dewey, the realistic American and the teacher of him. Ambedkar's teacher in America was John Dewey, whose theory of inquiry aimed at producing independent thinkers , rather than imitators or mere repositories of information . Ambedkar underlined his teacher's stress on the need to disturb and unsettle pupils . In an analogous manner concerning education, Gramsci placed great emphasis on the support and encouragement of free, creative thinking among all citizens as vital to future society and government
Gandhi once said, “An eye-for-an-eye makes the whole world blind.” What he meant is that fighting violence with violence helped no one. During his lifetime, Gandhi fought against oppressive British rule in India, and his journey was known throughout the world. Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela both shared Gandhi’s thirst for freedom, basing their respective movements for peace on Gandhi’s. All three men fought peacefully for equality, whether it was for India’s freedom from the British empire, emancipation from apartheid laws that prohibited black Africans from being truly free, or liberation from Jim Crow laws to keep black Americans inferior to whites.
The interest intensified during the Age of Enlightenment in the following century. Several 17th and 18th century European philosophers, especially John Locke, Thomas Paine, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, developed the concept of natural rights, the notion that people are naturally free and equal. . The Enlightenment philosophers suggested a secular social contract between the rulers and the ruled, who deprive themselves of some rights to gain security and serenity at the cost of some of their liberties. In the same time some ‘Natural rights’ preexisting the authority must be respected by the authority, i.e. the government and the State, in order to keep its legitimacy.
Many different beliefs are being addressed, but all with one common goal in mind, the people’s right to freedom. The Enlightenment period is more than a change of times, it a new beginning that is declared by the rights of the people and each individual is within their own natural rights. If the government is corrupting their rights, the people have the power to replace them with a government that will not make the same mistake. With the scholars, philosophers and other enlightenment thinkers in 1776, The Declaration of Independence is
Gandhi convinced the Indians that he could get them their independence. They would get their independence long as they didn't cooperate. Gandhi used a couple of lines from the Declaration of Independence that in other words meant, “if a law is unjust, then it is not a law.” Gandhi also told his people that in order to pretext they had to be willing to get jail time. Gandhi's methods worked because both his people and him were uncooperative.
On March 2, 1930, Gandhi wrote a letter to the Lord viceroy, though he never gained a response. In Gandhi’s attempt to persuade the Lord into changing the English Rule, he uses ethos and pathos as his strategies, but fails to convince him. Although Gandhi and the Lord are on opposing sides, he must try to help get rid of the Salt Taxation and influence the Indian Independence. The main strategies Gandhi uses are ethos, used to gained trust, and pathos, which is used to bring emotion forward from the reader.
Two Concepts of Liberty Summary of the essay: In this essay, the famous political theorist Isaiah Berlin tries to differentiate between the notions of positive liberty and negative liberty. Berlin briefly discusses the meaning of the word ‘freedom’. He says that a person is said to free when no man or body of men interferes with his activity. He makes reference to many philosophers in the essay, but there is more emphasis on the thoughts of J. S. Mill and Rousseau, the former being a firm advocate of negative liberty while the latter believes strongly in the ideals of positive liberty.
Mohandas Gandhi was a “key figure in the Indian struggle for independence.” He worked to use nonviolent ways to fight for equality and change in India. Gandhi was able to unite many groups and “inspired the common people of India to work for change.” In addition, Gandhi advocated using a more traditional approach (Wadley 202). Although Mohandas Gandhi 's satyagraha campaign caused violence, his advocacy for those who were discriminated against in Indian society led to the initial unification of India to gain independence from Great Britain.
Liberalism sees the market as a major part of civil society. It claims that people should be able freely to exchange goods of their labor with fellow members of society. Moreover, classical liberalism suggests that for society to remain functional, it must be democratic. Liberalism fears that the granting of power opens the door to corruption and the abuse of those powers. There are certain difficulties and challenges in classical liberalism.
Gandhi created a revolution of change in India. He had an enormous impact that forever that vibrant country, and he did it all with nonviolence. Gandhi led people and taught them to stand up for themselves and in the process made India a free and independent country. The unfair treatment would no longer stand, it was time for change. The nonviolence policy worked because Gandhi did not give in, he accepted punishment and responsibility, and his followers were loyal.
Due to the race inequality along with the economic regulations among the Indian people, Gandhi’s ambition from the beginning of simply just wanting equality between the Indian and British transition to wanting India to become Independence. He wanted to give the Indian citizen a voice in the government and a chance to define their own nation. The Indian people lose their political power in terms of how the British authorities were exercising their power over them, implementing policies according to their own rules and administrating over the Indian’s resources. Gandhi throughout the film had the desire to help gain back India’s political power and it revolves around his method of passive resistance and self-sacrifice. He belief in “an eye for an eye only makes people blind” is what helped him achieve freedom for India without any violence involve.
Analysis: Societies for centuries have searched for an answer to the enduring problem: “Who should rule us?” This question has been one of the central debates in political philosophy as well as in
He justifies the need for democracy, aristocracy and monarchy depending on location. The three philosophers use their judgment and prior knowledge on each other’s work to validate an ideal society, especially for the uprising continent of America. Governments are an established institution in every society. Though there are multiple types of governments, their purpose is fundamental to determining the influence on a civilization.
J RAWLS, The Laws of Peoples-with the Idea of Public Reason Revisited, Harvard University Press: USA, 1999. John Rawls was an influential political philosopher and his publications are widely read. One of which is the Law of Peoples published in 1993 which is the subject of my study. In the Law of Peoples Rawls concerns of the general principles whereby one can uphold and be accept by the liberal people as well as the non-liberal society. “This principle is a standard for which can be useful in regulating the behavior of the citizens towards one and other.”
Sudipta Kaviraj can be discussed while we try to contextualise the concept of nation with respect to India. He says that a distinction can be made
1 INTRODUCTION Power and authority are the most important aspects of politics as such way of thinking comes a long way from the earliest thinkers such as Plato and Aristotle to mention few. They are the fundamental features of state in politics, focusing on who should have the power and authority over the people and who should rule them. During the time prior and after the birth of states, political authority has always been a major concern with regards to who should rule and how and who shouldn’t. Therefore this issues need to be addressed in a way that will at the end benefit the society. Plato is the thinker or theorist who came with addressing who should rule in a political environment in what Plato outlined that only Philosophers should rule.