Political Instability In Victorian England

The Protestant Reformation, a period of change and strife, has significantly influenced the modern world socially, politically and economically. The Protestant Reformation began in the 16th century and was a major movement that aimed to reform the Roman Catholic Church, its beliefs and practices. The idea of Reformation began when people realised the extent of problems within the church. For example: the selling of indulgences, Papal Schism and open political struggles caused problems with Catholic Church’s public image. Martin Luther played a major role in the Reformation, and was responsible for the 1517 release of the 95 Theses. From a social aspect, the Reformation put emphasis on education, leading to more informed and knowledgeable people.

Prior to 1550, the European continent was dominated by Catholicism and had been for centuries. However, Protestantism first introduced by Martin Luther had begun to make inroads in the Holy Roman Empire and Nordic countries. Despite the growing popularity of these new religions, the majority of monarchs saw religious diversity as a weakness. Instead, most rulers pursued Religious uniformity to ensure political stability and strength. Examples of monarchs attempting to achieve religious university abound from Charles V in the Holy Roman Empire and Spain, to Rome, and to England. Charles V launched military campaigns to weed out Lutheranism and employed the Spanish Inquisition to target members of other faiths. The Pope in the Papal States would

John Winthrop was a Puritan who had every advantage in life. He was born into a wealthy family that was able to provide him with everything needed to succeed. His family was a part of the gentry class, which was the dominant force in English society during his time. He attended Trinity College at the age of 14 where he studied law. His faith was always apparent in his actions. He was extremely ardent in his religious studies. He possessed an elitist outlook about himself, and this outlook led him to believe that he was elected for salvation. His main goal was to “reform the national church from within” (165). However, when Charles I, a king who was sympathetic to Roman Catholicism, ascended to the throne, he knew that he could never openly

a. Henry VIII started the Church of England and he and his successors killed hundreds of Catholics.

The first conflict was Bacon's rebellion, a rebellion in Virginia in 1676 which Nathaniel Bacon led. It shows the historical trends of conflict between those on the frontier and insiders, and elite consolidation of power, excellently. Bacon’s rebellion had many proximate causes, but no main objectives or driving cause. The story of it is inextricably tied up with the situation in Virginia and the facts on

Britain's inability to establish authority over her colonies after the 7 Years War led the colonist to feel they were independent from British rule. When British government tried to reinstate British laws over the colonies, many citizens felt that it wasn’t fair. Many small events sparked multiple major causes that led America to want separate from Great Britain. Among those causes were protection of religious freedom, the taxes that resulted because of the French and Indian War, and Salutary Neglect. These causes led the Americans to victory after they entered the war because they understood the consequences if they didn’t win. The colonist were not afraid to fight for what they believed was right and showed true love for their country.

Humans often live closed up in a box, where people are strongly self-centered and accepting others becomes a hard action for them to take. They never truly understand themselves, more so each other, and this causes conflict between various groups and classifications. One of the most well known conflicts caused by different beliefs in religion was the Reformation. As generation passed and different royalties were placed in throne, the country of England constantly alternates between Anglicanism and Catholicism. One of the monarchs of England was Queen Elizabeth I, who was a committed Anglican. She was the last monarch of the Tudor family, and people questioned on whether she influenced the spirit of the Reformation. While some may argue that

Politique were rulers in the 16th and 17th century who put the success and good of their state above everything else. That includes over their religion. Henry of Navarre was a politique because he put the politics of the country before his religion. He converted to Catholicism just so he could be taken more seriously at masses. Also, he passed the Edict of Nantes just so Protestants have freedom to believe whatever they want. Elizabeth I is a politique because she formed peace between the Protestants and Catholics. She repealed the anti- Protestant legislation of Mary Tudor, and guided England to where they can settle their religious differences. Despite what her religion was, Elizabeth I put everything behind her and focused on the good of her country. Both Elizabeth I and Henry of Navarre put politics and the success of the country before their religion.

The English nobles taking a stand against King John was probably one of the most important event in European history. King John's unpopular method of rule led to a rebellion by the Barons. King John had no chance of winning and was threatened by the Barons, so he was reluctantly forced to sign a document called, The Magna Carta,” which limited the monarchy's powers and granted the nobles liberties. The Magna Carta is not only significant in the European countries. In fact, it inspired the American colonists to used the Magna Carta as a model when creating the Bill of Rights and the U.S. Constitution. If King John never signed the Magna Carta, individual rights, limited monarchies, and justice would probably exist much later in time; or maybe

In almost every Count that has ever been reigned in the middle ages, there is no leader like Count Charles, who takes a risky approach to governing a land with the idea of religion as an important aspect of his position. Count Charles, aka “Blessed Charles the Good” is well known for feeding the poor, promoting peace and security, but religion is definitely a big influence to his reign as the Count of Flanders. At first, before doing any research on Count Charles’ religious ruling, I would already believe that Charles is a spiritual nobleman that everyone would admire because of how devastated Flanders felt when they heard about his death in 1127. Fortunately, my thoughts on Count Charles

The revolutionary spirit started spreading throughout the colonies about a century before the actual American Revolutionary war. Many events contributed to the spark of revolutionary spirit within the colonist. The navigations Acts which began in 1651 were sets of rules and laws imposed throughout the colonies about trading with other nations. It was pretty much evident that trade with any other nation besides England (later known as great Britain 1707) was against the law. The acts were put in my place, not only to hurt the vastly growing Dutch carrying trade, but to ensure cargo shipment on English ships in order maximize and ensure trade directly out of England. The colonist were not in favor of these the navigation acts because it made everything a lot more expensive. It made export more expensive and the prices rose on imported goods for the colonist. The navigation acts sparked anger and a

Most were reached, but not all. An example of one reached she kept England prospering during wars as well as political and religious mayhem for forty-four years. In the year of 1559, she hailed for the passage of the Act of Supremacy. This act refined the Church of England, as well as the Act of Uniformity, which created a common prayer book. "Elizabeth took a moderate approach to the divisive religious conflict in her country. 'There is one Jesus Christ,' she once said. 'The rest is a dispute over trifles.'" (Britannica School, Elizabeth I) Despite being a Catholic herself in the belief of God, many Catholics were still persecuted and some were executed under her reign. In 1570 because of these actions Pope Pius V eventually excommunicated her. During her rule, wars were ended because of her and her kingdom. With the help of her most strong-minded advisor, William Cecil, Elizabeth ended the war with France. In addition Elizabeth made the Spanish Armada retreat. She was able to avoid fighting with Spain for many years of her reign. Though not all of her goals were reached, the ones that were, were

During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church had a great amount of power because it was the only one at the time. As expressed in The Canterbury Tales, it even oversaw the court, so one could propose that the Church had exponential power. They seemed to rule the economy and hold a lot of land. Kings and queens were even preceded by the Church. Supposedly, in those times, the Catholic Church was a source of great hypocrisy or a good number of its people were. In The Canterbury Tales, readers met so many religious figures who amount to a pure source of hypocrisy and contradiction such as the Friar, the Pardoner, the Nun, and more. Geoffrey Chaucer, the author, brought a delightful dose of sarcasm in various descriptions of the religious characters

Religion was in the lives of all citizens within the English kingdom, which affected everything from politics to attitudes and behaviours of people, which can best be displayed throughout the Reformation of 16th Century England, of which, religion played a crucial role in the formation of the identity of England and its citizens. After the death of her half-sister Mary 1 of England, Elizabeth was then crowned as the Queen of England on January 15, 1559. Known as the “Golden Age”, Elizabeth had successfully reconstructed English culture with the use of institutionalized religious tolerance, which can best be described by the Latin term Via Media, which meant “Middle Ground”, and was used in Elizabethan times to help combine both rules of the

James I, born June 19, 1566, was the King of England, Great Britain, and was Scotland 's short-lived king. James was known to be a controversial ruler and was hated by Parliament. He thought he had the “divine right” to rule England and the rest of its territories. Divine right means to have been given power by God, himself. James I was first born the king of Scotland but James I became king of England after Queen Elizabeth died. (For more information on Queen Elizabeth, go to her section).