Suzanne Howard
ENGL 200: Ancient-17th Century Literature
Dr. Marinova
December 4, 2015
Politically Fuelled Heroes
Heroes exist in every culture as an emblem of the best of society. Traditionally, heroes are used to set an example for the everyday citizen, if not to emulate then to inspire. These inspirational figures, and the authors who create them, have a huge influence on societal values. From Babylonian myths and Greek plays reinforcing gender roles to modern cinema defining social trends, those with a far reaching audience can sometimes influence political climates or even incite revolutionary ideas. This power an influential writer finds themselves with can be used to extremely different ends. Heroes found in works such as Virgil’s
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Milton presents Satan in a very human light, showing that despite his dramatic words, his “count 'nance cast… doubt” and he has insecurities like any human (Milton 526-527). This viewpoint is very contrary to his audience’s expectations of the devil, who more often is presented as a brutish being. His journey of self-awareness begins with the realization that the only thing that makes a place horrible is mindset, and the process of making his own “Heav 'n of Hell,” and to attempt to make “a Hell of Heav 'n” fulfills the traditional role of the hero finding their true purpose and their will to fulfill it (255). The significance of Satan’s realization that he is in Hell, defeated by his adversary, does not deter him. Like Aeneas, Satan’s journey to the underworld allowed him to realize his true purpose. Satan’s determination to continue fighting against “[God’s] utmost power” is futile, even “with [Satan’s] adverse power oppos 'd” because he is clearly outmatched (102-103). Milton does not question God’s dominance in terms of power, which serves to endear Satan to the British public. They can support the ideas Milton presents while still siding with God. Satan’s knowledge of his task’s futility makes his quest tragic, similar to Aeneas’s tragic death before the creation of
In Dante's Inferno, Dante who is main character is getting a tour of hell by his tour guide Virgil. Virgil his tour guide presents to him all the nine levels of hell, including the punishments the sinners must suffer with for all eternity. In the ninth level of hell, the worst sinners are frozen in a giant lake. The sinners are then eaten alive by whom is so called satan. According to Dante, Satan is described as “Than do the giants with those arms of his; consider now how great must that whole, which unto such a part conforms itself… O, what a marvel it appeared to me, when i beheld three faces on his head!
“The descent to hades is the same from every place” said the ancient Greek philosopher Anaxagoras. Nowhere is that sentiment anywhere better mirrored than in C.S. Lewis’ book “The Screwtape Letters,” which consists of a series of letters written by an elder demon (the title character) to a junior devil advising him about how to tempt souls to hell; he speaks often of the “time-tested” ways of seducing lost souls. Moreover though, the work illustrates the society of the hell in which the demons dwell as an eternal power struggle not only with God but also with each other; Screwtape himself lays out his worldview as that “all selves are by their nature in competition.” The demonic struggle to dominate and control others is the modus vivendi
The inferno is defined as a creation of society, including laymen, clergy, lovers, wagers of war, politicians, and scholars. They are put into one spot and hell appears as an ugly nature. It is humanized by the fact that punished people come from every nation and every step of life. Despite the person’s race, religion, age or gender, hell will create punishments for their worst and most human characteristics. The notion of well-known poetic justice is shown in Inferno, where it condemns appropriate actions for each specific sin.
The Illusion of a Perfect Hero Actor Anson Mount once made an insightful observation, “all of us have a hero and a villain in us.” This is something that has been confirmed over time, across cultures, and is also corroborated in famous literary works such as Seamus Heaney’s Beowulf and William Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Key characters in these epics often rose to the occasion and made a positive impact on the society with their exceptional bravery, selflessness and moral courage. There were also instances where the same characters didn’t exercise the best judgment. Although Beowulf had many more heroic moments than Macbeth and Macduff, each of them had their virtues and flaws that surfaced at different times and under different circumstances,
In Dante’s Inferno, he writes about his journey through hell for the purpose of recognizing his sins. He goes through this journey with Virgil, a voice of reason for Dante. Dante meets people through his journey of the many circles in the Inferno that lead him down into the center of hell, where Satan is. Satan is seen as being monster-like with three heads, representing a mocking of the Trinity and blowing his wings around the cocytus river. The final thing seen here is the fact that Dante’s description of Satan is a bit disappointing compared to the other descriptions he has written about the inferno.
In Dante’s Inferno, Dante Alighieri's depiction of Satan at the bottom of hell reveals the theme that in Hell the punishment is always befitting of the due to the fact that the lower you go, the farther that person is from god. The picture of Satan satisfies the reader because he shows that he is the opposite of god and that he is full of evil. Lucifer is the demon in the circles of hell which he has three faces, and bat like wings in which he creates the cold wind where the sinners suffer. “The face in the middle was red, the color of anger. The face on the right was white blended with yellow, the color of impotence.
The devil is the supreme being of all evil. The villain, once called Lucifer and was the greatest of all angels l, rebelled against God over his jealousy of man. Turning evil and fighting the Almighty, he was destined to lose and thrown out of heaven, along with his army. In Dante’s Inferno, he resides in the deepest bowels of hell, where he tortures the three worst traitors in human history: Judas Iscariot, betrayer of Jesus of Nazareth, Cassius and Brutus, slayers Julius Caesar. In hell, contrapasso rules, and the appearances of the fallen angel Lucifer agrees with it.
But, as the poem continues to progress, it becomes quite clear the there is a perfect balance within God’s justice as the degree of each sinner’s punishment perfectly reflects upon the gravity of the sin. Furthermore, the inscription on the gates of Hell explicitly states that Hell exists as a result of divine justice; “ll. “ Justice moved my great maker; God eternal / Wrought me: the power and the unsearchably / High wisdom, and the primal love supernal (III.4-6).” Prior to delving into the structure of Hell and how it displays God’s divine justice, one must first familiarize themselves with both the historical context of Dante’s life, along with the beliefs of the medieval church.
Dante’s Inferno is an epic poem by Durante “Dante” degli Alighieri, written in the 1300s. He wrote a trilogy, known as the Divine Comedy, consisting of Inferno, Purgatory, and Paradise. Dante was inspired by many events and issues happening at that time, such as the war between Guelphs and Ghibellines, the Battle of Montaperti, and Christian religious beliefs. In this paper, I will explore the first book, Inferno, on the topic of Hell and how the sinners had a significant impact on Dante’s journey through Hell. In Circle 5: Styx, Canto VIII, Filippo Argenti, a sinner of Wrathful, helped Dante to symbolize to readers his anger towards Black Guelphs, political enemies of the White Guelphs.
Heroes in Ancient Greece were exalted and looked at as eminent individuals within their own society. Heroes in modern society often appear supernatural or extremely skilled like Superman or Batman, but for the Greeks heroicness was often displayed through mundane deeds like fighting in war or having rational, common sense that affected the way certain these heroes completed certain tasks. The term “hero” for the Greeks was a appellation only bestowed upon those who protected and fought for others through selfless acts. Resulting in those men being truly influential within their culture and society abroad.
In Inferno, Dante is the main character who is fighting between good and evil, which translates to be the theme of the story. Dante explores deeply the Christian hell and heaven, which includes the immediate Purgatory. This experience makes him cast his allegiance to good and God. The differences between these two stories are depicted when comparing the epic conventions, epic characteristics, and when comparing the various religious backgrounds of the times in which these two stories were written.
It is seen in Lord Byron’s works that he has been under the clear influence of John Milton, for example it is possible to see distinct traces of similarity between Paradise Lost and Cain: A Mystery in which Lord Byron interweaves once again the tempted and the tempter with eloquent and skeptical dialectic discourses in a deft way (Chen 1). Byron asserts his own interpretation of Paradise Lost in his work presenting a Lucifer who achieved personal liberty returning to heaven with rediscovered confidence and rationalism (Feldkamp 41). Cain: A Mystery looks like a sequel because it starts where Paradise Lost leaves off (Feldkamp 42). Byron embodied and made use of Romanticism in parallel to Milton’s Satan in Paradise Lost, his characters echo and remind the readers of Milton’s Satan because of the quest for personal freedom, search for the truth in the world and the feeling of questioning the dogmas and ground rules (Feldkamp 40). In both of the texts, a figure who thinks rationally, questioning and defying authority unwilling to abide by tyranny is portrayed and presented (Feldkamp 45).
Literature has maintained a strong influence on society and its perceptions of heroes for centuries. In consequence, the time period in which a literary work is written reveals much about that society’s ideal. For example, the Anglo-Saxon epic, Beowulf, translated by Seamus Heaney, illustrates the deeds of a heroic knight and reflects the values of his community. Throughout the poem, Beowulf displays commendable behavior by saving another kingdom, defeating three villains, and maintaining allegiance to the lord and his people. Even though a millennium has passed since the release of this epic, heroes today display characteristics similar to those of Beowulf.
Heroes have always stood out in time as wondrous beings. In literature they possess certain special traits. These traits are ones such as courage, strength, selflessness and intelligence. Theseus an Athenian hero possess some of these great qualities,“... he was as compassionate as he was brave and a man of great intellect as well as great bodily strength” (133).
As Louis L. Martz dictates in his piece titled, “Paradise Lost: The Realms of Light,” Satan’s descent into Hell, following banishment from Heaven, catalyzes the entrance of light and dark imagery into the novel. Satan, now barred from the, “happy Realms of Light,” recognizes his separation from his former alliance with the divine essence (qtd in Martz 72.) In his brief period of grief, Satan finds himself struggling towards the light that radiates from Heaven, signaling the presence of innate light still within the fallen being. However, this light soon becomes squandered when Satan finds it, “better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heaven,” (1.263) In his decision, the prevalence of darkness within Hell increases and eventually seeps into the secular realms created by God.