Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollution

Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution as a great environment concern :

Hydrocarbon contamination in the environment related to anthropogenic sources could be from petroleum, pesticides or any toxic organic matter. The most serious problem of hydrocarbons contamination that derived from petroleum because it has a great toxic effect to the surrounding environment of all systems of life. The term of petroleum hydrocarbon is defined as a complex mixture composed of many hydrocarbon deposits which is naturally found deep under the surface of the ground. And it is known as crude oil when it derives out from the ground. The petroleum hydrocarbon is treated into a variety of products such as diesel, gasoline, kerosene and asphalt which they have many different

According to Liu, et al., 2014 showing the significant quantities of petroleum hydrocarbon released into Deepwater Horizons during oil spill that happened on April 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico and which effected even areas at the northern Gulf of Mexico ecosystems. The structure, classification, and the sources of petroleum hydrocarbons are important to understand the crude oil and their fate and behavior in many different ecosystems such as soil and aquatic environment. Therefore, the effective remediation processes must be applied at the contaminated sites to eliminate or reduce the pollution in the environment. The remediation technologies have been established such to treat of hydrocarbon contaminated sites as biological, physical, and chemical remediation. However, bioremediation provides the best remediation strategies for hydrocarbon contaminated soil because it consumed the indigenous microorganisms in the soil ecosystem to break down the hydrocarbons into harmless and safe compound such as carbon dioxide and

Such as those recorded in Spain, France, and USA at 1967 and Gulf of Mexico in 2010. Oil spill that recorded in Gulf of Mexico in 20 Aril 2010 was refers to the largest oil spill in the world which estimated by Jarvis , 2010 4.9 million barrels of crude oil were released into Deepwater Horizon caused by explosion and subsequent fire on the Deepwater Horizon semisubmersible Mobile Offshore Drilling unit. Abha, et al (2012) estimated that more than 50 % of the crude oil produced all over the world come from the Arabian Gulf area. They showed 550 Oil spill incidents for a total volume of 14,000 barrels of oil were reported in Arabian Gulf area at 1995 to 1999, while 11,000 barrels of oil were spilled in the period from 2000 to 2003. War is also contributing as source of pollution and the Gulf war in the Middle East in 1990 is the one of biggest evidences. The destruction of oil tankers which happened in Gulf war in the Middle East causing a huge amounts of crude oil spills in the aquatic environment and it was estimated that around 800 000 tons were spilled effecting 40 million tons of water and soils and 700 km of coasts area (Bingham,1992). Oil spills which, occurred in 1990s, has a quite large scale causing an excessive environmental impact on Qatar. Many of studies have been done in and around Qatar to study the effects of this a huge oil