ipl-logo

Portal Venous System

987 Words4 Pages

REVIEW OF LITERATURE
HISTORY OF THE PORTAL SYSTEM
384-322 BC - Aristoteles was the first person who described about portal vein(PV).
300-250 BC - Herophilos recognized the importance of portal venous system in acting as the zone of discharge for all the resorbent veins from the intestine
129-199AD - Galenus described the portal venous system along with the intrahepatic branches
1597-1677 - Glisson demonstrated the independent nature of portal venous circulation from rest of the blood circulation
ANATOMY OF THE PORTAL VENOUS SYSTEM
The system of veins that transport blood from of the spleen, alimentary tract, pancreas along with the gallbladder constitute the portal venous system. It is a valveless system that enters the liver via the porta …show more content…

The portal venous pressure is around 3-7 mmHg which is dependent on various criteria like “posture, increased intra-abdominal pressure like in coughing, compression , respiration, Valsalva’s manoeuvre and a number of biochemical mediators”1. Whereas the blood flow in the portal system is around 1000–1200ml/min and it contributes to around 72% of total supply of oxygen to the liver. The content of oxygen in the portal venous system is lower than the arterial blood, but it is at the same time significantly higher compared to that of the rest of venous system. There is never a consistent pattern of the hepatic distribution of portal blood.
PORTAL HYPERTENSION - DEFINITION
An elevated pressure of more than 12 mmHg in the portal venous circulation with the portal vein diameter of more than 13 mm or an increased gradient of more than 7mmHg in the portal system (difference between pressure in the portal vein and to that of the pressure in the inferior vena cava) is termed as portal hypertension(PHT).
According to hemodynamic application based on the Ohm's Law, “ portal pressure gradient (ΔP) is actually directly proportional to amount of blood flowing in the portal vein (Q) and the resistance opposing this flow (R) (ΔP = Q × R)”2. Thus the elevated portal pressure will be considered secondary to the increase in resistance to flow or due to the increase in blood flow, or due to both

Show More
Related

  • Neovison Dissection Lab Report

    1640 Words  | 7 Pages

    Next, they traced the external jugular vein and its tributary veins on the surface of the right side of the neck and head. On the left side where the sternomastoid was cut, the students then located the deeper vessels running alongside the trachea, internal jugular vein, and the common carotid artery. In the abdominal cavity, the groups then exposed and studied the hepatic portal vein and its tributaries. They then identified the tributaries of the post cava, the renal, adrenolumbar, iliolumbar, iliac, and caudal vessels. The arteries of the gonads then came off the abdominal aorta cranial where the spermatic arteries were found.

    Read More

  • Room 362's Case Summary

    381 Words  | 2 Pages

    Clinical manifestations that indicate the presence of cirrhosis include the following: fatigue, ascites (fluid accumulation in abdomen), drowsiness and hepatic encephalopathy (Cleveland Clinic Staff, 2014). Room 362’s chief compliant of weakness and drowsiness was displayed upon admission and provided

    Read More

  • Mrs Fender Bender

    593 Words  | 3 Pages

    The blood seeps in the sinusoids on its way to the hepatic veins, and then to the vena cava. This filtration is ideal for hepatocytes to filter the blood, process and store nutrients, cleanse, and remove debris. 6. Cirrhosis leads to scarring and increased hydrostatic pressure in the hepatic portal vein. Explain why this increased venous pressure causes net filtration to increase in the hepatic capillaries, leading to ascites (swollen and fluid-filled interstitial space of the abdomen).

    Read More

  • Ap Euro Dbq Scientific Revolution

    505 Words  | 3 Pages

    Galen who was an ancient Greek physician who believed that food from the alimentary canal was converted into blood in and by the portal veins. “If a man take no other food for a prolonged period he will have blood in closed in his veins.” (Document 5) Later, Robert Boyle noticed that Valves in the Veins gave free passage to the Blood towards the heart, but opposed passage to the venal blood the contrary way. Robert Boyle’s discovery proved that Galen’s theory was incorrect which proves science is not always right.

    Read More

  • Enteral Feeding Tube Research Paper

    594 Words  | 3 Pages

    Enteral Tube Feeding and Severe Dementia Medicare covers many healthcare related services such as inpatient hospital stays, certain skilled nursing services in the long term care facilities, and hospice care for terminally ill beneficiaries or post-acute cares in home settings. Medicare coverage helps many beneficiaries to receive healthcare services that they require to live healthier lives through preventive wellness services as well as medical treatments that save lives. For example, a gastrostomy tube insertion benefits a patient with dysphagia related to an acute medical condition to rehab and regain independence to live a quality life. The gastrostomy tube enables the beneficiary to receive necessary nutrition and rehab to regain swallowing ability. Otherwise the beneficiary is at risk for many life threatening medical conditions such as aspiration pneumonia, or malnutrition.

    Read More

  • Servetus Worst Crimes

    862 Words  | 4 Pages

    He theorized how the pulmonary system of a human’s arteries worked. It was a single passage that went unnoticed by everyone and could have changed medical history forever. Instead, William Harvey received credit for his medical breakthrough of the pulmonary system many years later. Unfortunately, some of the brightest people do not credited for their work or rewarded, but even more unfortunate is the lack of Servetus’ discovery being known until many years later. Many lives could have been saved with new knowledge of the human anatomy.

    Read More

  • Hemorrhoids Research Paper

    1193 Words  | 5 Pages

    The physician may ask the patient questions such as: do any close relatives (parent, siblings) have the piles? Have you seen any blood in the stool? Was there any mucus on the stool? Has there been any recent weight loss? Have your bowel movements changed recently?

    Read More

  • William Harvey's On The Motion On The Heart And Blood In Animals

    713 Words  | 3 Pages

    Harvey William Harvey’s seminal work “On the Motion on the Heart and Blood in Animals” initiated modern medicine. Harvey’s arguments were detailed readily verifiable and though they did endure a fair bit of criticism when released, in most areas, they were accepted within his lifetime. Once his simple notion of the circulation of blood was carefully described others were able to see and understand its validity themselves. I will argue that William Harvey’s theory which used inductive reasoning to show, with experiments, how blood flowed from veins to arteries through the heart and deduced the existence of capillaries to return blood from arteries to veins. One of the main understandings of the day, proposed by Galen of Pergamon nearly 1500 years earlier, was that blood was a resource that was produced in the liver and consumed in the tissues and the brain.

    Read More

  • Essay On Haemostasis

    1705 Words  | 7 Pages

    Haemostasis is a physiological process of blood clotting and dissolution of the clot, followed by the repair of injured tissue. It results from interplay of vascular endothelium, platelets, coagulation factors, anti-coagulation mechanisms and fibrinolytic system. The fluidity of blood in the absence of injury is maintained by the balance between pro-coagulant pathway, and the mechanisms that inhibit the pro-coagulant pathway. Imbalance between the two mechanisms, for example during clinical illnesses or preoperative period, predisposes a patient to either bleeding or thrombosis. To stop bleeding after injury, a complex process is initiated within seconds.

    Read More

  • Ileostomy Research Paper

    1148 Words  | 5 Pages

    INTRODUCTION Ileostomy is an artificial opening in the ileum to divert faeces and flatus outside the abdomen where they can be collected in stoma bag. [1] An ileostomy is created by bringing the terminal small bowel through a trephine incision preferably through the rectus muscle and then creating an everted sprout of 2-3 cms in length [2] An ileostomy may be permanent or temporary depending upon their role [3]. There are various reasons for creating an ileostomy like intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation with fistula formation or abscess, colon or rectal cancers, familial adenomatous polyposis, uncontrolled bleeding from large intestine, ischemic bowel disease, Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or crohn's disease), carcinoma

    Read More

  • Gastrointestinal Patient Essay

    775 Words  | 4 Pages

    Clinical Area Description The gastrointestinal ward is one of the hospital areas designated as a place for patients who suffers diseases of the organs for digestion. The main feature of this area is to restore the fluids in the body from a state

    Read More

  • Reflective Essay On Blood Pressure

    1479 Words  | 6 Pages

    Introduction This essay will reflect on my personal experience, skills, and knowledge gained from my studies and practice of undertaking blood pressure (Bp) whilst completing my professional placement. Bp may be defined as a force of blood against vessel walls in the body, consisting of systolic and diastolic pressure measured in millimeters of mercury. (Waugh and Grant, 2016) Systolic pressure occurs when the hearts left ventricle contracts and forces blood into the aorta causing a heightened atrial pressure, while diastolic pressure refers to complete cardiac diastole, this is when the aortic valve closes and pressure is at its lowest between beats, blood moves into smaller corresponding vessels and the heart rests.

    Read More

  • Human Body During The Renaissance

    1668 Words  | 7 Pages

    His exploration of the secrets of the human body opened the way for the later 16th-century studies of the ear, female reproductive organs, venous system, and William Harvey 's theory from 1628 of blood circulation. Harvey worked out that it was impossible for the blood to be burned up in the muscles and recreated as Galen claimed. Also, he identified the difference between arteries and veins, later becoming doctor for the

    Read More

  • Should The Death Penalty Be Illegal Essay

    1267 Words  | 6 Pages

    Connecting to the needles will be IV tubes which go through the wall which are attached to where the drugs are inserted (Death

    Read More

  • What Is Robust By Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

    1612 Words  | 7 Pages

    Galen introduced the first theory of blood circulation, he believed that blood was created in the liver from ingested food which then flowed to the right side of the heart. Galen believed several arteries flowed into the brain, where ‘vital spirits’ were changed into animal spirits before being distributed around the body through hollow tubes called nerves, where blood was consumed by the

    Read More

More about Portal Venous System

Open Document