Posky Research Paper

John Singleton’s film, Boyz N the Hood, displays the challenging upbringing of adolescents who have to live with harsh conditions around not only their home but also their surrounding town. The film compares the differences between the lifestyles of Tre Styles and his friends’, Darren and Ricky Baker. Darren and Ricky are half-brothers who are nothing alike. Singleton demonstrates the importance of male leadership in a home in the ghetto of Los Angeles by comparing the difference between the lifestyles of Tre and his friends. While many adolescents in the hood have close friendships, some form close relationships by assembling gangs and create a world of violence due to alcohol abuse, which together ultimately breeds discrimination.

The upbringing of a child contains many factors, many of which correlate to where a child grows up. The people, culture, and experiences of someone’s childhood are the greatest determining factor for what kind of person they will become. So how does the nature and nurture of one’s upbringing impact the decisions that they make, and their life in general? Author Wes Moore explores this question in his memoir, The Other Wes Moore, as it relates to two lives in particular. Moore main purpose in this book is to explore the overarching impact that a collection of expectations and decisions, not always one’s own, can have on someone’s life.

The first real study of social disorganization happened during the 1800’s in France by two men, Adolph Quetelet and Andre-Michel Guerry. They studied social disorganization by taking the recently released criminal records and mapping them. They were able to show that crime is related to places. After Adolph and Andre Michel came Robert Parks and Ernest Burgess who studied the similarities between ecology and urban social structures. Parks and Burgess after seeing how time played a role in how cities are affected, created a theory called the Concentric Zone theory. This theory correlated ecology means of invasion, dominance, and succession and combined it to cities. After Parks and Burgess, two men by the names of Shaw and McKay took up this theory and applied it social disorganization and its effects on delinquents.

If you want to be part of a family that has 3 boys, 2 girls, 4 cats, 3 hermit crabs, and a horse you’ve come to the right place! We disagree sometimes but ultimately we love each other very much! Let me introduce you to the Greshowak and Nelson family.

Chapter two concentrates on the history of Oakland, incarceration rates, youth systems of control, and the boy’s resistance to punishment and brutalization. The Oakland ghetto consists of a multiracial community, predominantly African-American and Latino, that are equally targeted and brutalized by police

Also stated gangs and destructive, out of control young people without family roots took over the street corners and Harlem’s reputation as a place to have fun was replaced by a reputation as a dangerous place to be careful about. (para. 52)

Pingos are dome-shaped, isolated hills which interrupt the flat tundra plains. They have diameters of around 500 m and may be as much as 50 m in height. These occur in sand and therefore are not susceptible to frost-heaving. In open-system pingos, surface water infiltrates into upper layers of ground where it circulates in the sediments before freezing. This water freezes, expands and forms localized masses of ice and the ice forces overlying sediment upwards to a dome shape. In closed-system pingos, these form on small lakes where water is trapped from freezing above and from he advance of the permafrost. The water expands as it freezes, forcing the ground up into a dome

David Berkowitz, also known as Son of Sam and the “.44 Caliber Killer”, is an American serial killer who, in New York City, murdered six people and injured seven. The Son of Sam killings –as his murder spree incident was called- began on July 29, 1976 with Donna Lauria and Jody Valenti who were both sitting in their car when a man peered into their window and fired multiple times at them. Jody survived the rainfall of bullets but her partner was not so lucky. Couple of months later, the police noted that this could be the work of a serial killer.

In poor urban communities like Oakland, young people experience “. . .hyper-criminalization, the process by which an individual’s everyday behaviors and styles become ubiquitously treated as deviant, risky, threatening or criminal, across social contexts” (Rios, xiv). Institutions that heavily adopt this culture of criminalization deeply affect these young people’s perceptions of who they are and how they should live. When a school teacher is doubtful instead of supportive, it further hardens the belief that these kids aren’t worth much, and this ultimately helps push them towards crime instead of away from it. In Slick’s case from Rios’ book, the school commonly accused Slick and his friends of truancy “. . .for the days they missed recovering from violent attacks and used this as justification to expel them from school” (Rios, 6). The negative interactions from these adult figures in control further adds to the youths’ sense of defeat and hopelessness. The prejudice these teens face makes it difficult for them to lead a better lifestyle, forcing them to turn back towards criminal antics because they are not accepted anywhere

Billy the Kid is one of the youngest and infamous outlaws in the west. The kid fell into trouble when he was young and it escalated as he got older. He then goes to Lincoln County where he is soon in a war that leads to him being wanted by law enforcement. When captured he makes his greatest escape, he then will be shot a couple months later.

Richard Kuklinski is definitely a one of a kid human being. He has no remorse for anything. Through his whole childhood he was abused by his father and mother, as well as his brother. He was beating everyday by his father when he would come home from work. His mother would hit him with a broom stick just for the hell of it. She would just swing it and hit him anywhere on his body. He had the worst home life ever heard of. Richard killed dogs and cats as a young kid, he showed no remorse in the killing of the animals. As he grew up, a young kid, he started his life as crime. He started his killings as a young man. His first kill was in a bar playing pool. Someone disrespected him, that

Like the majority of people in the United States, even illegal drug dealers in East Harlem are captivated by the American Dream. In Phillipe Bourgois' ethnography In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio, the Puerto Rican crack dealers of El Barrio want an opportunity where they can obtain jobs to support their families and ultimately become financially successful. However, in the job search, some cultures must face more obstacles than others. Social marginalization, cultural capital “clash”, and institutionalized racism take a significant toll on a minority’s ability to prosper in employment. Despite the ambitions of Puerto Rican drug dealers to succeed in the legal workplace, the structural inequalities they face make it impossible

Monster: The Autobiography of an L.A. Gang Member is written by Sanyika Shakur. This novel is about his life and experiences within the Crips gang in South Central Los Angeles. Shakur released his memoir in 1993, after turning his life around while inside the prison system. His given name at birth was Kody Scott and at just eleven years old, Kody was initiated into the Crips after shooting a rival gang member and later earned himself the street name of Monster due to his horrifying acts of violence. Throughout his recount of his life and experiences inside the gang and inside various prison institutions, Shakur paints a very vivid picture of the places and spaces which he helped to create, and, in turn, helped to create him, and which he frequented throughout his life. These spaces are marked by a particular street culture and show the complexity of how inequality has helped to create and maintain these places.

In that moment, Robert felt a giant sense of relief. While he and his wife worked hard, they were always short on money. Now, they would have enough money to buy a house and start their own business. He was just starting to dream about how they could use the money when his daughter appeared.

Wassily Kandinsky was a leader in the expressionist movement in early modern Germany. He reached out to many of his viewers by expressing his inner feelings and the emotional stirrings of the soul. Kandinsky created abstract works, like “Composition VI”, to express his restless and aroused inner state. He says